A Global Geostationary Biomass Burning Emissions Estimation System for Use in Forecasting of Atmospheric State

生物质燃烧（BB）是地球-大气系统的一个主要动力，其排放的烟雾污染物的量在空间和时间上变化很大。通过从NERC赠款NER/Z/S/2001/01027中转移知识和成果，该NERC知识转移（KT）项目将设计，通过以下方式建立和评估第一个全球地球同步观测BB排放源强度的系统：（i）调整和实施根据赠款开发的火灾探测和表征算法，以与全套地球同步系统一起使用（目前有2颗SEVIRI气象卫星、2颗GOES和MTSAT;发射后可能有INSAT 3D），㈡将其与联合王国气象局共同开发的云遮蔽程序联系起来，㈢对气象局实时提供的这些数据进行由此产生的BB场景分析。该提案不承担新的科学，因此没有资格获得NERC标准赠款资金，但将转让知识，使气象局能够制作一个独特的和广泛呼吁的BB产品，并将该产品转移到项目合作伙伴用于大气状态的预测。因此，这些预测产品的用户也将获得KT的好处。输出的BB产品将被合成为一个统一的，一致的和验证的数据流，具有量化的不确定性，将在必要的时间步提供用于预测目的。产品规格和文件特性将根据气象局和欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的要求进行通知。BB产品将根据同时进行的更高空间分辨率观测进行验证，并将纳入目前的大气状态预报程序，并将因果机制归因于大气痕量气体、气溶胶和CO2浓度的显著变化。

Biomass burning (BB) is a major dynamic of the earth-atmosphere system, emitting smoke pollutants in quantities that are highly variable in space and time. By transferring knowledge and results from NERC grant NER/Z/S/2001/01027 this NERC Knowledge Transfer (KT) Project will design, build and evaluate the first system for the global geostationary observation of BB emissions source strength by (i) adapting and implementing the fire detection and characterisation algorithms developed under the grant for use with the full suite of geostationary systems (currently 2 x Meteosat SEVIRI, 2 x GOES, and MTSAT; with the possibility of INSAT3D after launch), (ii) linking this to cloud-masking procedures developed in concert with the UK Meteorological Office, and (iii) running the resultant BB scene analysis on the Meteorological Office real-time feeds for these data. The proposal does not undertake new science, and so is ineligible for NERC Standard Grant funding, but will transfer knowledge to enable Meteorological Office to produce a unique and widely called for BB product and will transfer that product onward to project partners for use in forecasts of atmospheric state. Users of these forecast products will thus also receive the benefit of the KT. The output BB product will be synthesised to a uniform, consistent and validated datastream with quantified uncertainties that will be made available at the necessary timesteps for forecast purposes. Product specification and file characteristics will be informed by the requirements of the Meteorological Office and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). The BB product will be validated against simultaneous higher spatial resolution observations and will be incorporated into current procedures for forecasting of atmospheric state and the ascribing of causal mechanisms to noted changes in atmospheric trace gas, aerosol and CO2 concentrations.