Drug Abuse Prevention for High Risk Emerging Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的重点是在成年早期提供促进计划，并扩展“迈向无药物滥用项目”（TND）的研究，TND是一项基于学校的药物滥用预防计划，自1992年以来由国家药物滥用研究所资助。该计划被许多政府机构视为典范或示范计划。我们正在进行的研究的主要目标人群是来自加州替代学校系统（继续高中，CHSs）的青少年。虽然在之前的试验中已经获得了有希望的课堂项目效果，但只有一些效果在一年的随访中保持不变（主要是对吸毒和吸烟的影响，但对大麻和酒精的使用没有影响）。在一般预防药物滥用研究中很少完成对促进方案编制的系统测试，而且从未与TND项目一起进行过。此外，目前的数据表明，药物使用和滥用在青春期晚期和成年初期达到高峰，但针对青春期晚期和成年初期的药物滥用预防措施却很少。因此，为了维持并可能提高TND项目在向早期成人期过渡期间的长期成果，我们建议在CHS课堂实施TND课程后，开发、实施和测试一个精心策划的、多年的、基于动机访谈的、电话交付的促进方案。在三条件实验设计中，我们将操纵青少年是否在12节TND课堂课程之外接受简短的TND电话助推器课程。这两种情况（仅TND或TND加助推器成分）将与标准护理进行比较。在这个项目中，我们检查是否增加一个助推器成分将提供对药物使用行为的增量效应。我们还将探讨项目TND和药物使用结果的潜在调节和中介关系。这一申请涉及预防药物滥用，这是一个严重的公共卫生问题。我们建议测试针对另类高中青少年的强化干预的有效性，他们比普通高中的青少年有更高的药物滥用发展风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application focuses on provision of booster programming in early emerging adulthood and extends the research on Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND), a school-based drug abuse prevention program funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse since 1992. This program is considered a model or exemplary program by numerous government agencies. The primary target population of our ongoing research is youth from the alternative school system (continuation high schools, CHSs) in California. While promising classroom program effects have been obtained in previous trials, only some effects have been maintained past a one-year follow-up (main effects on hard drug use and cigarette smoking, but not for marijuana use or alcohol use). A systematic test of booster programming seldom has been completed in drug abuse prevention research in general, and has never been conducted with Project TND. Further, current data indicate that drug use and abuse peak during late adolescence and emerging adulthood, yet few drug abuse prevention initiatives have been developed targeting late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Thus, to sustain and possibly enhance long-term outcomes of Project TND during the transition into early emerging adulthood, we propose to develop, implement, and test a carefully planned, multi-year, motivational-interview-based, telephone-delivered booster program following implementation of the TND curriculum in the CHS classroom. In a three condition experimental design, we will manipulate whether or not youth receive brief TND telephone boosters sessions in addition to the 12-session TND classroom curriculum. These two conditions (TND only or TND plus the booster component) will be compared to standard care. In this project, we examine if the addition of a booster component will provide an incremental effect on drug use behavior. We will also explore potential moderating and mediating relationships of Project TND and drug use outcomes. This application addresses prevention of drug abuse, a critical public health problem. We propose to test the efficacy of a booster intervention targeting alternative high school youth, who are at higher risk for development of drug abuse than are youth in regular high schools.