Neighborhood Poverty, Health and Economic Security Over the Adult Lifespan

描述(由申请人提供)：居住在贫困社区是否会影响低收入成年人一生中的长期健康和经济安全？如果是，哪些类型的政策应对措施可以补救这些对健康和福祉的“社区影响”？我们寻求资金通过分析收集的数据来回答这些问题，这些数据是低收入中老年人参与一项名为Moving to Opportunity(MTO)的独特随机社区流动实验的长期跟踪(10-15年)的一部分。MTO的示威活动使用随机抽签的方式，为一些公共住房居民提供了机会，让他们有机会使用租赁住房补贴搬迁到处境不那么不利的社区。MTO在实验中为原本可比的低收入、对立的少数族裔家庭的社区特征产生了很大的差异。从2008-10年间，我们的团队从MTO的3215名成年女性(平均年龄45.6岁)收集了面对面的调查数据和生物标志物。对我们调查的有效回复率为89%，在随机分配的MTO小组中非常相似。初步意向治疗分析表明，邻里环境可能在决定美国低收入老年人的某些结果方面发挥重要作用，这反过来表明，科学和政策充分了解这些影响及其决定因素和潜在机制的性质具有重要意义。本申请的具体目的如下：1.评估MTO引起的社区流动对所收集的所有健康和经济结果的长期影响，并检查关键基线子样本的影响。2.分解干预对这些结果的总影响，并确定总影响发生的机制。3.开发和测试邻里选择的结构模型，该模型将由一位新的合作调查员领导，他是我们为此而加入的团队--佩特拉·托德。4.创建一个公共使用档案和两个长期MTO数据集的限制使用版本，这些数据集将与太平洋岛屿国家海洋研究中心一起存档，以便直接提供给外部研究人员进行二次分析。首要目标是更好地了解MTO和邻里流动对成年人长期健康和经济安全的影响，以及影响这些结果的过程。这项研究将有助于揭示不同种族和阶级在健康和经济结果方面存在的更大差异。国家臭氧机构的资金对于开展这里所述的数据准备和数据存档至关重要。 与公共健康相关：这个项目调查了健康和其他结果的差异是否可以部分解释为低收入和少数族裔成年人生活在高度贫困、高度不利的社区的可能性增加。它将利用生物测量、调查和其他数据，这些数据来自一项独特的住房实验，名为Moving to Opportunity(MTO)。该项目还将创建一个数据档案，为医学和社会科学研究人员未来的邻里研究提供基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Does living in a distressed neighborhood affect the long-term health and economic security of low-income adults over the life course, and if so, what types of policy responses can remediate these "neighborhood effects" on health and well-being? We seek funding to answer these questions by analyzing data collected as part of the long-term follow-up (10-15 years) of low-income middle and older-aged adults participating in a unique randomized neighborhood mobility experiment known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO). The MTO demonstration used a randomized lottery to offer some public housing residents but not others the chance to relocate to less disadvantaged neighborhoods using a rental housing subsidy. MTO experimentally generated large differences in neighborhood characteristics for otherwise comparable groups of low-income, dispropor- tionately minority families. From 2008-10 in-person survey data and biomarkers were collected by our team from 3,215 female adults in MTO (mean age 45.6). The effective response rate to our surveys was 89 percent, and was quite similar across randomly-assigned MTO groups. Preliminary intention-to-treat analyses suggest that neighborhood environments may play an important role in determining some outcomes for low-income aging adults in the U.S., which in turn suggests the importance for science and policy of fully understanding these impacts and the nature of their determinants and underlying mechanisms. The specific aims of the present application are as follows: 1. To estimate the long-term effects of MTO-induced neighborhood mobility on the full range of health and economic outcomes that were collected, and examine impacts for key baseline sub-samples. 2. To decompose the total effects of the intervention on these outcomes and identify the mechanisms through which the aggregate effects occurred. 3. To develop and test a structural model of neighborhood choice, which will be led by a new co- investigator that we have added to the team just for this purpose - Petra Todd. 4. To create a public use file and two restricted-use versions of the long-term MTO dataset that would be archived with ICPSR to be made directly available to outside researchers for secondary analysis. The overarching goal is to better understand the effects of MTO and neighborhood mobility on adult long-term health and economic security as well as the processes by which these outcomes are affected. This study will help shed light on larger disparities in health and economic outcomes across race and class lines. NIA funding is essential to carry out the data preparation, and data archiving described here. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project examines whether disparities in health and other outcomes can be explained in part by the increased likelihood that low-income and minority adults live in high-poverty, highly- disadvantaged neighborhoods. It will draw on biomeasures, surveys and other data from a unique housing experiment known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO). The project will also create a data archive to provide a foundation for future neighborhood research by medical and social science researchers.