Social Norms and Alcohol Prevention (SNAP)

描述(由申请人提供)：目前的申请是对之前于2010年3月审查的竞争续签申请的最终修订，该申请寻求继续一项富有成效的研究计划，旨在减少大学生中的酒精使用和相关后果，使用简短的计算机反馈来减少对饮酒规范的误解(R01 AA012547)。本研究从社会认同理论的角度对基于社会影响的酒精干预进行了三项研究，以评估和扩展我们对酒精干预的理解。与其他成年人相比，大学生酗酒的风险更高，开发有效的干预方法是当务之急。在过去的几年里，经验证据表明：1)对其他学生饮酒行为和态度的看法与饮酒密切相关；2)学生一直高估了同龄人饮酒的流行率和认可度；3)减少规范的误解可能是减少饮酒的有效策略。个性化规范反馈(PNF)是一种个性化的干预措施，参与者得到关于他们自己饮酒的反馈，他们对其他学生饮酒的看法，以及其他学生的实际饮酒情况。我们的第一笔赠款(详细情况见进度报告)的结果表明，在两年的随访期内，反复接受互联网上提供的针对性别的PNF与减少饮酒有关。拟议的更新旨在纳入相关的理论观点(例如，社会认同理论(SIT)；偏离规则理论(DRT))，这些观点应有助于我们理解为什么这些方法最有效，以及对谁最有效。这项拟议研究的首要目标是提高我们对PNF为什么、对谁以及在什么条件下最有效的理解。在休斯顿大学(UH)的规范文献调查之后，提出了三项研究，以评估在SIT背景下关于PNF的理论和实践创新的关键问题。我们对SIT特别感兴趣，因为它与PNF有关，以及学生与大学和大学同龄人的身份差异如何影响PNF在饮酒方面的效果。研究一将考察社会认同的差异如何在三个不同的校园中运作：密歇根大学、华盛顿大学和洛约拉·马里蒙特大学。研究2将在PNF的背景下评估DRT的假设，并考察社会认同对越轨调节过程的影响。最后，在研究3中，社会认同将被评估为潜在的变化调节因素，通过评估PNF，基于禁止性规范，由计算机亲自提供与使用激励性访谈风格的干预提供者。这项研究有望为基于规范的干预策略带来理论和实践上的改进，这些策略有可能减少饮酒和相关的负面后果。 与公共健康相关：大学生过度饮酒仍然是一个严重的公共健康问题，与一系列负面后果有关。基于简单社会规范的干预措施在减少这一人群中的问题饮酒方面显示出一致的效果，但较少的研究评估了这些干预措施为什么、对谁以及在什么条件下最有效的理论。本研究旨在减少大学生问题饮酒，提高基于社会影响力的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current application is a final revision of a competing renewal application previously reviewed in March, 2010, which seeks to continue a productive program of research designed to reduce alcohol use and related consequences among college students, using brief computerized feedback to reduce misperceptions of drinking norms (R01 AA012547). Three studies are proposed to evaluate and extend our understanding of social influence based alcohol interventions from the perspective of Social Identity Theory. College students are at increased risk for alcohol misuse compared to other adults, and development of efficacious intervention approaches is an urgent priority. Over the past several years empirical evidence has demonstrated: 1) perceptions of other students' behavior and attitudes about drinking are strongly associated with drinking; 2) students consistently overestimate the prevalence and approval of drinking among their peers; and 3) reducing normative misperceptions can be an effective strategy for reducing drinking. Personalized normative feedback (PNF) is an individualized intervention whereby participants are given feedback regarding their own drinking, their perceptions of other students' drinking, and other students' actual drinking. Findings from our first grant (detailed in the Progress Report) indicate that repeatedly administered gender-specific PNF provided over the Internet was associated with reduced drinking over a two-year follow-up period. The proposed renewal seeks to incorporate relevant theoretical perspectives (e.g., Social Identity Theory (SIT); Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT)) that should advance our understanding of why and for whom these approaches work best. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to improve our understanding of why, for whom, and under what conditions PNF is most efficacious. Following a norms documentation survey at the University of Houston (UH), three studies are proposed to evaluate theoretically and practically innovative critical questions regarding PNF in the context of SIT. We are specifically interested in SIT as it relates to PNF and how differences in students' identity with respect to their University and college peers may impact the efficacy of PNF on alcohol consumption. Study 1 will examine how differences in social identity operate on three diverse campuses: the UH, the University of Washington, and Loyola Marymount University. Study 2 will evaluate hypotheses derived from DRT in the context of PNF and examine the influence of social identity on deviance regulation processes. Finally, in Study 3, social identity will be evaluated as a potential moderator of change by evaluating PNF, based on injunctive norms, delivered in person by computer versus an intervention provider using a motivational interviewing style. This research is expected to yield theoretical and practical improvements to norms based intervention strategies that have the potential to reduce drinking and related negative consequences. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Excessive alcohol consumption among college students continues to be a serious public health concern associated with a wide range of negative consequences. Brief social norms based interventions have shown consistent effects in reducing problematic drinking in this population, but less research has evaluated theories underlying why, for whom, and under what conditions these interventions may be most efficacious. This research aims to reduce problem drinking among college students and to improve social influence based interventions.