VT BREAST CANCER SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM: BIOLOGY OF MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITY

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 乳腺癌是美国女性中最常见的癌症之一。乳房X光检查通常可以在乳腺癌可以治愈的时候发现它们。乳房X光检查显示大片致密(白色)区域的女性更有可能患乳腺癌，也更有可能患有乳房X光检查漏掉的癌症。没有孩子、使用更年期激素或有丰满乳房的母亲或姐妹的女性本身就可能有丰满的乳房。相比之下，年龄较大、不再有月经或肥胖的女性往往乳房不那么致密。目前还不清楚为什么某些因素会导致乳房致密，以及为什么乳房致密会增加女性患乳腺癌的几率。这项研究的目的是确定为什么一些女性的乳房在乳房X光照片上看起来致密(非常白)，乳房致密区域由哪些类型的细胞和组织组成，以及为什么这样的组织更容易变成癌症。 很少有研究试图将乳房X光检查和匹配的乳房组织进行比较。进行这项研究的研究人员已经制定了一个计划来解决这个问题。不过，在进行大型研究之前，研究人员往往会进行规模较小的“先导研究”，以确保研究计划能够顺利实施。这就是为什么我们要求您参与这项针对250名女性的初步研究。 该方案描述了一项试验性研究，以证明一种方案的可行性，该方案用于进行全面研究，以阐明与高乳房X光摄影密度相关的实质性乳腺癌风险的生物机制。具体地说，我们将开发、调整和验证一项复杂的横断面研究方案，以收集风险因素数据和生物样本(血液、口腔细胞、组织液和组织)，以发现将高乳房X光摄影密度(通过计算机方法定量测量)与乳腺癌风险联系起来的机制和生物标记物。我们还将开发建立一个接受良性活检的妇女队列的方法，这将提供一个高危人群，在其中前瞻性地验证研究横断面部分确定的标志物。 建议在乳房X光检查后进行图像引导乳房活组织检查的女性将被邀请参加这项研究。建议活检的放射科医生会提到这项研究，并给这名妇女一本解释这项研究的小册子。研究协调员会打电话给这位女士，向她解释这项研究，并在口头同意的情况下进行20分钟的调查。同意的妇女将在活检当天提前一小时到达，阅读并签署同意书，抽取血液和漱口水样本，并测量她的身高和体重。如果参与者仍在月经，她将被要求寄回一张预先写好地址的明信片，上面写着她下一次月经第一天的日期。在接下来的10年里，参与者将每年被联系，以获得目前的地址和任何健康状况的变化。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the United States. Mammograms (breast x-rays) can often find breast cancers at a time when they can be cured. Women whose mammograms show extensive dense (white) areas are more likely to develop breast cancer and are also more likely to have cancers that are missed by mammograms. Women who are childless; use menopausal hormones or have a mother or sister with dense breasts are themselves likely to have dense breasts. In contrast, women who are older; no longer have periods, or are heavy tend to have less dense breasts. It is unclear why some factors lead to having dense breasts and why having dense breasts increases a woman's chances of developing breast cancer. The purpose of this research is to determine why some women's breasts look dense (very white) on mammograms, what types of cells and tissues make up dense areas of breasts, and why such tissues are more likely to become cancer. Few research studies have tried to compare mammograms and matched breast tissues. The researchers conducting this study have developed a plan to address this question. However, before conducting a large study, researchers often conduct a smaller "pilot study" to make sure that the research plan will work well. That is why we are asking you to participate in this pilot study of 250 women. This protocol describes a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of a protocol for conducting a full-scale study to elucidate the biologic mechanisms that mediate the substantial breast cancer risk associated with high mammographic density. Specifically, we will develop, fine tune, and validate a complex cross-sectional study protocol to collect risk factor data and biological specimens (blood, buccal cells, tissue fluids, and tissue) required to discover mechanisms and biomarkers that link high mammographic density (as measured quantitatively using computerized methods) to breast cancer risk. We will also develop the methodology for establishing a cohort of women who have undergone a benign biopsy, which will provide a high-risk population in which to prospectively validate markers identified in the cross-sectional component of the study. Women who are recommended for an image-guided breast biopsy following a mammogram will be invited into the study. The radiologist recommending the biopsy will mention the study and give the woman a pamphlet explaining the study. The study coordinator will call the woman and explain the study to her and with verbal consent conduct a 20 minute survey. Consenting women will arrive the day of the biopsy ¿ hour early to read and sign the consent form, have blood drawn and a mouthwash sample collected and her height and weight measured. If the participant is still menstruating she will be asked to return a pre-addressed postcard with the date of her first day of her next menstrual period. The participant will be contacted annually for the next 10 years to get current address and any change in health status.