EVOLUTION AND EMERGENCE OF SIMIAN RETROVIRUSES IN BANGLADESH

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 在世界上人口最稠密的国家之一孟加拉国，包括5种猕猴和3种叶猴在内的多种非人灵长类动物与人类在不同的地区和生态环境中共存。NHP人群之间以及人与NHP之间的相互作用增加了传染病病原体跨物种传播的可能性。我们在孟加拉国开展的为期5年的R01项目正在研究两种地方性猿猴逆转录病毒--猿猴泡沫病毒(SFV)和猿猴D型逆转录病毒(SRV)在孟加拉国不同地理区域和背景下的流行和进化。最初的建议确定了20个地点，这些地点的人与NHP之间有不同程度的接触，不同的生态条件，存在1至6种NHP。系统发育和系统动力学分析将阐明这些病毒如何通过与宿主的共同进化、重组和宿主开关随着时间的推移而发生变化。这些研究将得到对非人类灵长类种群人口学史的研究的补充。我们还在测量人群中SFV和SRV感染的流行率。我们正在开始我们项目的第二年。我们已经开始在孟加拉国集结一批SFV阳性的人。到目前为止，我们抽样的177人中有14人的SFV血清阳性，这是迄今为止所研究的所有人类种群中这种猿传逆转录病毒的最高血清阳性率。我们已经确认了同时感染SFV和SRV的个人。我们还确认了感染一种以上SFV毒株的个人。基因分析表明，在孟加拉国自由放养的NHP中检测到的SRV不是任何已知的猿猴D型逆转录病毒1-5。进一步的研究将阐明孟加拉国NHP人群中SRV的多样性，并可能展示迄今未描述的新的逆转录病毒。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Multiple NHP (nonhuman primate) species, including 5 species of macaques and 3 species of langurs, coexist with humans in different areas and ecological contexts in Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Interaction among populations of NHPs as well as between humans and NHPs increases the likelihood of cross-species transmission of infectious agents. Our 5 year R01 project in Bangladesh is characterizing the epizootiology and evolution of two enzootic simian retroviruses, simian foamy virus (SFV) and simian type D retrovirus (SRV) in macaques and langurs where they occur in a variety of geographic areas and contexts throughout Bangladesh. The initial proposal identified 20 sites that have varying degrees of contact between humans and NHPs, diverse ecological conditions and from 1 to 6 species of NHPs present. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses will elucidate how these viruses have changed over time through co-evolution with their hosts, recombination and host switches. These studies will be complemented by studies on the demographic histories of non-human primate populations. We are also measuring the prevalence of SFV and SRV infection in human populations. We are starting the second year of our project. We have started to assemble a cohort of SFV positive humans in Bangladesh. 14/177 humans that we have sampled to date are seropositive for SFV, the highest seroprevalence of this simian-borne retrovirus in any human population studied to date. We have identified individuals co-infected with SFV and SRV. We have also identified individuals infected with more than one strain of SFV. Genetic analysis has revealed that the SRV detected in the free-ranging NHPs in Bangladesh is not any of the known simian type D retroviruses 1-5. Further research will elucidate the diversity of SRV in NHP populations in Bangladesh, and may demonstrate new, heretofore undescribed retroviruses.