Primate enteroviruses transmission in Bangladesh

描述（由申请人提供）：人畜共患病日益被认为是对公共卫生的一种风险。SARS冠状病毒、SIV和禽流感是最近对人类产生影响的病毒之一。一般来说，人畜共患传染病病原体在人群中持续存在的情况并不常见，但是，就像艾滋病毒一样，成功适应人类宿主的病毒可以引起毁灭性的流行病。宿主相似性可能是决定给定动物病毒在人群中持续存在的能力的重要因素。由于人类在免疫学、生理学和行为学方面与非人灵长类动物（NHP）相似，因此与源自其他动物的传染性病原体相比，NHP中的地方性传染性病原体可能更容易适应人类。因此，这些地方性NHP传播的传染性病原体作为人类疾病的潜在病原体可能构成特别的风险。最近的研究表明，在孟加拉国儿童中发现的肠道病毒与几十年前从起源于南亚的NHP中分离出的病毒在基因型上相似，这就提出了NHP是否会向人类传播的问题。肠病毒可引致多种人类疾病，包括神经系统疾病、心肌炎、急性出血性结膜炎及新生儿败血症样疾病。我们建议检查孟加拉国NHP的肠道病毒动物群，以确定这些病毒可能跨物种传播的来源。将从自由放养的NHP中采集粪便样本，包括孟加拉国原产的所有10种NHP分类群。使用PCR，将对粪便样本的核酸进行扩增和测序，以检测和鉴定存在的肠道病毒。这些肠道病毒的完整VP1序列将用于描述它们与其他已知肠道病毒之间的系统发育关系。这些数据将使我们能够描述不同NHP物种和孟加拉国不同地理位置之间NHP传播的肠道病毒的遗传变异。最终，这些数据将提供对NHP传播的病原体的潜在出现的深入了解，并有助于阻止新出现的人畜共患病威胁的传播。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Zoonotic diseases are increasingly recognized as a risk to public health. SARS coronavirus, SIV and avian influenza are among the viruses that have had a recent impact on human populations. In general, persistence of zoonotic infectious agents in human populations is uncommon, but, as in the case of HIV, viruses that successfully adapt to human hosts can cause devastating epidemics. Host similarity may be a significant factor determining the ability of a given animal virus to persist in human populations. Because humans are similar to nonhuman primates (NHPs) with respect to their immunology, physiology and behavior, infectious agents enzootic in NHPs may adapt more easily to humans, compared to infectious agents originating in other animals. These enzootic NHP-borne infectious agents may thus constitute a particular risk as potential agents of human disease. Recent research suggests that enteroviruses found in children from Bangladesh are genotypically similar to viruses isolated decades ago from NHPs that originated in South Asia, raising the question of whether NHP-to-human transmission has occurred. Enteroviruses can cause a wide variety of human illnesses including neurologic disease, myocarditis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and neonatal sepsis-like disease. We propose to examine the enteroviral fauna of Bangladeshi NHPs to identify a source for possible cross-species transmission of these viruses. Fecal samples will be collected from free ranging NHPs, including all 10 taxa of NHPs native to Bangladesh. Using PCR, nucleic acids from fecal samples will be amplified and sequenced to detect and identify enteroviruses present. Complete VP1 sequences for these enteroviruses will be used to describe the phylogenetic relationships between them and other known enteroviruses. This data will allow us to characterize the genetic variation of NHP-borne enteroviruses among different NHP species and in different geographic locations within Bangladesh. Ultimately, this data will provide insight into the potential emergence of NHP-borne pathogens and help to deter the spread of emerging zoonotic threats.