Neurobiology of Auditory Language Perception

描述（由申请人提供）：语言的听觉理解是人类交流的基础，由于不完全理解的原因，经常在神经障碍中被破坏。该建议的首要目标是了解听觉语言理解的神经基础，从而为有效的干预打开大门。我们使用互补的病变/卒中和功能性MRI方法来解决三个具体目标。目标1：了解语音感知的神经基础。运动系统可能在言语感知中起着重要作用的想法已经得到了广泛的欢迎。相反，我们认为言语感知是在颞叶上部的双侧组织的，只有很少的额叶/运动调制。在此目的下提出的实验使用理解和音节识别任务以及信号检测方法来测试这些相互竞争的想法。目的2：了解听觉外影响在言语感知/理解中的作用。语音感知受语境信息的影响。在这里，我们研究了两种线索的影响，视觉言语和词级信息。我们假设颞叶回路主要负责这两种对言语感知的影响来源。我们提出的研究将检验这一假设。目标3：了解句子级处理的神经基础。语音感知和单词理解对理解至关重要，但有效的沟通还依赖于更高阶的过程，比如句子理解。我们建议研究旨在验证我们的假设，即前颞区对于整合词汇和句法信息以推导句子意义特别重要。在方法上，这个程序是由一个承诺的观点驱动的，即需要多种方法来获得神经过程的完整画面。为了加快病变研究的速度，我们已经建立了一个多站点失语症研究联盟（MARC），这将使我们能够以前所未有的速度收集数据。这将通过快速积累定量损伤-行为相关分析所需的大量样本，消除快速进展的关键障碍。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Auditory comprehension of language is fundamental to human communication and is often disrupted in neurological disorders for reasons that are incompletely understood. The overarching goal of the proposal is to understand the neural basis of auditory language comprehension and therefore open the door to effective interventions. We use complementary lesion/stroke-based and functional MRI methods to address three specific aims. Aim 1: Understand the neural basis of speech perception. The idea that the motor system may play a prominent role in speech perception has gained much popularity. We have argued instead that speech perception is bilaterally organized in the superior temporal lobes with minimal frontal/motor modulation. Experiments proposed under this aim test these competing ideas using both comprehension and syllable discrimination tasks and signal detection methods. Aim 2: Understand the role of extra-auditory influences on speech perception/comprehension. Speech perception is influenced by contextual information. Here we examine the influence of two cues, visual speech and word-level information. We hypothesize that temporal lobe circuits are primarily responsible for both of these sources of influence on speech perception. Our proposed studies will test this hypothesis. Aim 3: Understand the neural basis of sentence-level processing. Speech perception and word comprehension are critical for comprehension, but effective communication relies additionally on higher-order processes such as those involved in sentence comprehension. We propose studies aimed at testing our hypothesis that anterior temporal regions are particularly important for integrating lexical and syntactic information to derive sentence meaning. Methodologically, this program is driven by a commitment to the view that multiple methods are required for deriving a complete picture of a neural process. To speed the pace of lesion work, which can be laboriously slow, we have developed a Multisite Aphasia Research Consortium (MARC) that will enable us to collect data at an unprecedented pace. This will remove a critical barrier to rapid progress by quickly accruing the large samples needed for quantitative lesion-behavior correlation analyses. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Language disorders affect millions of people in the United States, and deficits in comprehending speech are a prominent component of many of these disorders. By studying the basis for auditory comprehension deficits in brain injury and by mapping these systems in healthy adults we will gain a more complete understanding of what going wrong, leading to more targeted therapeutic approaches to treatment of language dysfunction. !