Social - Emotional Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns

青少年和年轻人吸烟仍然是最重要的公共卫生挑战之一。几乎所有的吸烟者在青春期就开始吸烟，但吸烟在青壮年变得根深蒂固。更多地了解促进或防止吸烟进展和尼古丁依赖的因素可能有助于我们开发更有效的干预措施。同样重要的是，理解从青春期到青春期的过渡是如何影响青春期形成的吸烟模式的，这种过渡会带来多种生活变化，并增加行为问题的风险。该计划项目将对从实验开始，从青春期到成年的吸烟模式和预测因素进行深入的、多方法的研究。这一继续工作是在我们目前工作的基础上继续进行的，提议继续跟踪在青春期中期首次发现并确定其特征的高危人群，这些人现在正处于青春期。我们建议对这些人进行跟踪调查，直到他们20岁出头，也就是吸烟和依赖的风险最高的时期。我们将继续关注可能影响吸烟的社会情感背景，并将其扩展到探索有希望的依赖发展的遗传标记。在各个项目中，我们还将通过多种方法描述从吸烟的早期阶段开始的依赖发展。这些项目通过共同考虑影响从青春期到成年的吸烟模式的因素，在概念上联系在一起，在方法上，通过使用共同的参与者队列而联系在一起。我们最感兴趣的是识别、描述和预测吸烟和尼古丁依赖的进展模式，考虑到遗传、社会和情感背景的动态相互作用。我们提出的计划项目包括四个研究项目和三个核心。这四个研究项目是： 1)从青春期到青春期吸烟的模式和预测因素； 2)青少年吸烟模式的近邻背景； 3)青年吸烟者戒烟的情绪指标； 4)吸烟进展的遗传危险标记。 我们的三个核心是： 1)科学/管理核心； 2)参与者互动核心；以及 3)数据管理、测量、统计核心。

Cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults remains one of the most important public health challenges. Almost all smokers begin smoking while in their adolescent years, but smoking becomes entrenched during the young adult years. Understanding more about the factors that promote or protect against smoking progression and nicotine dependence may help us to develop more effective interventions. Also important is understanding how the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, a transition that brings multiple life changes and heightened risk for behavioral problems, influences smoking patterns that have been set in motion during adolescence. This program project will provide an in-depth, multi-method study of the patterns and predictors of smoking patterns from experimentation onward, from adolescence through young adulthood. This continuation builds on and extends our current work by proposing to continue to follow a high risk cohort of individuals, first identified and characterized during mid-adolescence, and who are now in young adulthood. We propose to follow these individuals through their early twenties, the period of highest risk for establishment of smoking and dependence. We will maintain our focus on the social emotional contexts that may influence smoking, and extend this to explore promising genetic markers for the development of dependence. Across projects, we will also characterize, through multiple methods, the development of dependence from the early stages of smoking onward. The projects are linked conceptually through their common consideration of factors that influence the patterns of smoking from adolescence through young adulthood, and methodologically, through their use of a common cohort of participants. Our overriding interest is in identifying, describing, and predicting patterns of progression of smoking and nicotine dependence, considering the dynamic interplay of genetic, social, and emotional contexts. Our proposed program project comprises four research projects and three cores. The four research projects are: 1) Patterns and Predictors of Smoking from Adolescence to Young Adulthood; 2) Proximal Contexts of Young Adult Smoking Patterns; 3) Emotional Indices of Withdrawal in Young Adult Smokers; and 4) Genetic Risk Markers for Smoking Progression. Our three Cores are: 1) Scientific/Administrative Core; 2) Participant Interaction Core; and 3) Data Management, Measurement, and Statistics Core.