Environmentally Triggered Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Focus on Endocrine Disrup

描述（由申请人提供） 第27届国际神经毒理学会议系列（NEUROTOX 27）将讨论“环境引发的神经发育障碍：关注自闭症，ADHD和精神分裂症的内分泌干扰和性别差异”的主题。 NEUROTOX 27将于2011年10月30日至11月2日在北卡罗来纳州研究三角公园的喜来登帝国酒店和会议中心召开。 该系列中的每一次会议都致力于一个及时的，前瞻性的主题，对环境健康和神经系统疾病有重大影响，并且有足够的证据表明，通过在这个既定的，多学科的，有重点的计划方法中进行审查，主题的科学将得到推进。为了站在科学的最前沿，会议主席与国际公认的科学专家就重点主题合作，共同组织会议，并确定会议主题，主题和发言人。今年的会议将高度关注两个终点：1）内分泌干扰和2）性别差异，三种复杂的神经发育障碍有共同的因素：1）自闭症，2）ADHD和3）精神分裂症。全体会议的结构是以一种便于讨论、解决具体问题（在计划中公布）的格式介绍最新的临床和基础研究，并有助于在会议的最后一天就共同因素进行交叉讨论。 意义：中枢神经系统的临床疾病是由多种危险因素之间复杂的相互作用引起的。 基因突变、多态性和拷贝数变异赋予了对环境压力的遗传易感性，包括暴露于异生物质化学物质、营养状况的变化和医疗干预。自闭症的患病率急剧增加，有新的证据表明，ADHD和精神分裂症的诊断增加。虽然其中一些趋势可以通过提高认识、诊断漂移和诊断标准的变化来解释，但环境因素可能是促成因素。 越来越多的持久性有机污染物和金属已被证明会改变由甲状腺、雌激素和雄激素介导的内分泌信号。 在母体和妊娠组织、母乳和新生儿中检测到许多这些化学物质，其含量令人担忧。在神经发育的关键时期内分泌干扰的后果具有深远的影响。 NEUROTOX 27将展示内分泌干扰和神经发育障碍之间的最新证据和争议，重点关注自闭症，ADHD和精神分裂症。这3种疾病有几个共同的临床特征，包括强烈的性别偏见，免疫功能障碍，以及与癫痫发作疾病的关联。然而，这些疾病在临床症状的发作上有所不同，这可能为特定内分泌干扰物及其潜在机制的敏感性的关键窗口提供线索。该会议旨在向与会者介绍有关内分泌系统在环境引发的疾病中的作用的最新科学状况，并激发来自不同背景的专家之间的热烈讨论，以帮助推进与该主题相关的科学。 公共卫生相关性：这项应用的公共卫生相关性在于，这次会议的结果将帮助我们更好地了解环境，内分泌干扰和自闭症，ADHD和精神分裂症的性别差异的作用。神经毒理学27将召集国际公认的专家，提出有关内分泌干扰和环境引发的神经发育障碍的最新证据和争议，重点是自闭症，ADHD和精神分裂症。这些疾病对公共卫生的影响是巨大的。今天，在美国出生的110个孩子中就有一个（70个男孩中就有一个）被诊断患有自闭症，而且这个数字每年上升10%到17%。 自闭症有一系列的特征，表明可能与内分泌有关的改变，包括男性的患病率更高。其他临床线索邀请对自闭症，多动症和精神分裂症的潜在毒理学，免疫和内分泌干扰因素进行严格调查。神经毒理学27的同行评审论文将迅速出版，在国际上传播，并在线提供，以方便目标受众。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) The 27th meeting in the International Neurotoxicology Conference Series (NEUROTOX 27) will address the theme of "Environmentally Triggered Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Focus on Endocrine Disruption and Sex Differences in Autism, ADHD, and Schizophrenia". NEUROTOX 27 will convene October 30 to November 2, 2011 at the Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Conference Center in Research Triangle Park, NC. Each conference in the series is devoted to a timely, forward-thinking theme that has significant impact on environmental health and neurological disorders, and there exists enough evidence that the science on the theme will be advanced by being scrutinized in this established, multidisciplinary, focused, program approach. To be at the forefront of science the conference chair partners with internationally-recognized scientific experts on the focused theme to co-organize the meeting and identify the session themes, topics and speakers. This year the meeting will be highly focused on two endpoints: 1) endocrine disruption and 2) sex differences, in three complex neurodevelopmental disorders which have factors in common: 1) autism, 2) ADHD and 3) schizophrenia. The plenary sessions have been structured to present the latest clinical and basic research in a format that will facilitate discussion, address specific questions (published in the Program) and be conducive to a cross-cutting discussion on common factors on the last day of the conference after evidence has been presented. Significance: Clinical disorders of the central nervous system arise from complex interactions among multiple risk factors. Genetic mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations confer heritable susceptibility to environmental stressors including exposures to xenobiotic chemicals, shifts in nutritional status, and medical interventions. The prevalence of autism has increased dramatically and there is emerging evidence that suggests increases in the diagnosis of ADHD and schizophrenia. Although some of these trends can be explained by increased awareness, diagnostic drift and changes in diagnostic criteria, environmental factors are likely contributors. An increasing number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals have been shown to alter endocrine signaling mediated by thyroid, estrogen and androgen hormones. Many of these chemicals are detected in maternal and gestational tissues, breast milk, and neonates at levels of concern. The consequences of endocrine disruption during critical periods of neurodevelopment have far-reaching implications. NEUROTOX 27 will present the latest evidence and controversies linking endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. These 3 disorders share several clinical features including strong gender bias, immune impairments, and an association with seizure disorders. Yet these disorders differ in onset of clinical symptoms that may provide clues to critical windows of susceptibility to specific endocrine disruptors and their underlying mechanisms. The conference is designed to present attendees with the latest state-of-the-science about the role of the endocrine system in environmentally triggered disorders and stimulate vigorous discussion among experts from different backgrounds to help advance the science related to the theme. Public Health Relevance: The public health relatedness of this application is that the results of this conference will help us better understand the role of the environment, endocrine disruption, and sex differences in autism, ADHD and schizophrenia. NEUROTOXICOLOGY 27 will convene internationally recognized experts to present the latest evidence and controversies linking endocrine disruption and environmentally triggered neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. The public health impact of these disorders is enormous. Today, one in 110 children (and one in 70 boys) born in the U.S. is diagnosed with autism, and the numbers have been rising 10% to 17% a year. Autism has a range of features that suggest the possibility of endocrine-related alterations, including a much higher prevalence in males. Other clinical clues invite critical investigation of potential toxicological, immune and endocrine disruptive contributors to autism, ADHD and schizophrenia. Peer-reviewed papers from NEUROTOXICOLOGY 27 will be published rapidly, disseminated internationally, and made accessible online to readily reach target audiences.