Social Norms and Alcohol Prevention (SNAP)

描述（由申请人提供）：目前的申请是2010年3月审查的竞争性续期申请的最终修订，该申请旨在继续开展一项富有成效的研究计划，旨在减少大学生的酒精使用及其相关后果，使用简短的计算机反馈来减少对饮酒规范的误解（R01 AA012547）。从社会认同理论的角度，提出三项研究来评估和扩展我们对基于社会影响的酒精干预的理解。与其他成年人相比，大学生酒精滥用的风险更高，开发有效的干预方法是当务之急。在过去的几年里，经验证据表明：1)对其他学生的饮酒行为和态度的看法与饮酒密切相关；2)学生一贯高估同龄人饮酒的流行程度和认可程度；3)减少规范性误解是减少饮酒的有效策略。个性化规范反馈（PNF）是一种个性化的干预，参与者通过反馈自己的饮酒情况、对其他学生饮酒情况的看法以及其他学生的实际饮酒情况。我们第一次拨款的结果（详见进度报告）表明，在两年的随访期内，通过互联网提供的反复实施的针对性别的PNF与饮酒减少有关。拟议的更新寻求纳入相关的理论观点(例如，社会认同理论（SIT）；偏差调节理论（DRT）)，应该促进我们对这些方法为什么和对谁最有效的理解。拟议研究的首要目标是提高我们对PNF为什么、对谁以及在什么条件下最有效的理解。根据休斯敦大学（UH）的一项规范文件调查，提出了三项研究，以评估在SIT背景下关于PNF的理论和实践创新关键问题。我们对SIT特别感兴趣，因为它与PNF有关，以及学生对大学和大学同龄人的认同差异如何影响PNF对酒精消费的影响。研究1将研究社会身份的差异如何在三个不同的校园中运作：休斯敦大学、华盛顿大学和洛约拉玛丽蒙特大学。研究2将在PNF的背景下评估DRT的假设，并检验社会认同对偏差调节过程的影响。最后，在研究3中，社会认同将通过评估基于禁令规范的PNF来评估其作为变化的潜在调节因素，该规范是由计算机亲自提供的，而不是由干预提供者使用动机访谈风格。这项研究有望对基于规范的干预策略产生理论和实践上的改进，这些策略有可能减少饮酒和相关的负面后果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current application is a final revision of a competing renewal application previously reviewed in March, 2010, which seeks to continue a productive program of research designed to reduce alcohol use and related consequences among college students, using brief computerized feedback to reduce misperceptions of drinking norms (R01 AA012547). Three studies are proposed to evaluate and extend our understanding of social influence based alcohol interventions from the perspective of Social Identity Theory. College students are at increased risk for alcohol misuse compared to other adults, and development of efficacious intervention approaches is an urgent priority. Over the past several years empirical evidence has demonstrated: 1) perceptions of other students' behavior and attitudes about drinking are strongly associated with drinking; 2) students consistently overestimate the prevalence and approval of drinking among their peers; and 3) reducing normative misperceptions can be an effective strategy for reducing drinking. Personalized normative feedback (PNF) is an individualized intervention whereby participants are given feedback regarding their own drinking, their perceptions of other students' drinking, and other students' actual drinking. Findings from our first grant (detailed in the Progress Report) indicate that repeatedly administered gender-specific PNF provided over the Internet was associated with reduced drinking over a two-year follow-up period. The proposed renewal seeks to incorporate relevant theoretical perspectives (e.g., Social Identity Theory (SIT); Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT)) that should advance our understanding of why and for whom these approaches work best. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to improve our understanding of why, for whom, and under what conditions PNF is most efficacious. Following a norms documentation survey at the University of Houston (UH), three studies are proposed to evaluate theoretically and practically innovative critical questions regarding PNF in the context of SIT. We are specifically interested in SIT as it relates to PNF and how differences in students' identity with respect to their University and college peers may impact the efficacy of PNF on alcohol consumption. Study 1 will examine how differences in social identity operate on three diverse campuses: the UH, the University of Washington, and Loyola Marymount University. Study 2 will evaluate hypotheses derived from DRT in the context of PNF and examine the influence of social identity on deviance regulation processes. Finally, in Study 3, social identity will be evaluated as a potential moderator of change by evaluating PNF, based on injunctive norms, delivered in person by computer versus an intervention provider using a motivational interviewing style. This research is expected to yield theoretical and practical improvements to norms based intervention strategies that have the potential to reduce drinking and related negative consequences.