Studying the oviposition of Anopheles gambiae: the development of novel tools for

撒哈拉以南非洲是世界疟疾负担最严重的地区，占所有病例的近80%。 发生在这个地区。然而，我们现在正处于#年疟疾控制历史的转折点。 非洲。疟疾下降的报告在一代人中第一次变得普遍，原因是 长效驱虫蚊帐覆盖率高，及时有效治疗 临床病例。为了保持这些来之不易的成果并进一步减少疟疾 传播重要的是改进和发展新的媒介控制战略，这将是 适用于不同的环境，负担得起，并补充现有的干预措施，使更大 减少疟疾传播是可以实现的。该项目旨在开发更高效和 控制和监测冈比亚按蚊种群的经济有效的方法，主要是 疟疾在非洲的传播媒介。这种方法得到了多学科研究的支持，以确定 视觉和嗅觉刺激导致女性安乐死。冈比亚按蚊在某些地点产卵，而不在其他地点产卵。 这些知识将被用来(1)识别重要的繁育地点并有选择地治疗首选 使用新型、长效和环境友好型杀幼虫剂的地点和(2)为 开发捕蚊器来监测成年蚊子。具体地说，我们建议测试：(1)细菌是否产生 来自水生生境的挥发物具有产卵信号化学物质的功能；(2)细菌 从死水中释放出来的和存在于死水中的群落和化学物质在不同的地点是不同的 无论有没有一个。冈比亚幼虫，(3)试验新型残留幼虫剂(扑草醚，一种昆虫生长 调节器和硅基单分子表面膜)。冈比亚亚纲和(5)发展一种 收集妊娠蚊子的产卵诱捕器。冈比亚亚目。因此，两部作品的表现都比较新颖 毒剂，将在实验室和现场条件下进行评估，并在“吸引和杀死”中进行潜力评估 综合测试的所有特定目标的结果的策略。 其中大部分研究将在实验室、封闭式温室和#年在田间进行。 肯尼亚。然而，一些详细的化学分析将需要在专门的 瑞典的实验室。这项研究的发现可能会导致新抽样的发展 以及疟疾病媒的控制工具。这样的工具将是对集成矢量的有价值的补充 撒哈拉以南非洲疟疾控制管理一揽子计划。

Sub-Saharan Africa bares the brunt of the world's malaria burden, with nearly 80% of all cases occurring in this region. However, we are now at a turning point in the history of malaria control in Africa. For the first time in a generation reports of malaria declining have become common due to high coverage with long-lasting insecticide treated nets and the prompt and effective treatment of clinical cases. In order to maintain these hard won gains and to make further reductions in malaria transmission it is important to improve and develop new strategies for vector control, which will be applicable in different environments, affordable, and complement existing interventions, so that greater reductions in malaria transmission can be achieved. This project aims to develop more efficient and cost-effective methods for controlling and monitoring Anopheles gambiae populations, the major vector of malaria in Africa. This approach is underpinned by multi-disciplinary research to identify the visual and olfactory stimuli that cause female An. gambiae to lay eggs at certain sites and not others. Such knowledge will be used to (1) identify important breeding sites and selectively treat preferred sites with novel, long-lasting and environmentally friendly larvicides and (2) provide a rational basis for developing traps to monitor adult mosquitoes. Specifically we propose to test: (1) if bacteria-generated volatiles from aquatic habitats function as oviposition semiochemicals; (2) whether the bacterial communities and chemicals released from and present in stagnant water bodies differ between sites with and without An. gambiae larvae, (3) test novel residual larvicides (pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator and a silicon-based monomolecular surface film) against An. gambiae and (5) develop an oviposition trap for collecting gravid An. gambiae. Therefore, the performance of two relatively novel agents, will be evaluated under laboratory and field conditions and their potential in an `attract-and-kill' strategy combining findings from all specific objectives tested. Most of these studies will be carried out in the laboratory, in enclosed greenhouses and in the field in Kenya. However, some of the detailed chemical analysis will need to be carried out in specialised laboratories in Sweden. The findings from this study may lead to the development of new sampling and control tools for malaria vectors. Such tools would be valuable additions to an Integrated Vector Management package for the control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.