Heterosexual Black females: Socialization and HIV risks in scripts and practices

描述（由申请人提供）：本应用程序扩展并建立在题为“低收入异性恋黑人男性的多重性伙伴关系和艾滋病毒风险”（R01 HD059706）的母项目的发现之上。这项针对低收入黑人男性的研究表明，许多低收入黑人女性也有多个伴侣，并表明男性和女性剧本可能以重要的方式相互作用，以增加或减少艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播感染的风险。本项目旨在了解性行为的潜在动力和背景，这些因素未被充分研究，因此经常被误解，通常发生在贫穷、市中心、黑人异性恋女性吸毒中。大量证据表明，与吸毒和/或销售毒品一样，拥有多个性伴侣是黑人男性和黑人女性感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病和性传播感染的一个重要风险因素。其他研究证实了父母研究的发现，即低收入的非裔美国女性也倾向于有多个伴侣，但很少有研究专门关注这些女性。了解女性与多名男性伴侣协商性行为时使用的脚本——以及男性和女性如何看待彼此的脚本——有可能提供针对性强、有效的预防信息和干预措施。该项目将运用性剧本理论，对促进多个性伴侣的亚文化模式有更好的科学理解。本项目的目的与父母研究的目的相同：A（性社会化）：分析在取向家庭和同龄人中观察和学习到的性规范和脚本，这些规范和脚本可能导致被边缘化的异性恋黑人女性在成年后拥有多个性伴侣。B（性脚本）：记录黑人异性恋女性中与多重性伙伴关系相关的药物使用和各种性脚本的作用，从而增加艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险。C（安全性行为的实践）：研究被边缘化的异性恋黑人女性如何以及是否理解和选择性地选择性伴侣，并与多个性伴侣进行安全性行为。本项目将遵循与母赠款相同的调查方法过程。我们将开展15个焦点小组，涉及120名参与者。我们将招募150名重点受试者，他们将报告不同模式的多性伴侣关系（重叠和/或连续），并将参与为期三年的研究。内部比较组将包括目前一夫一妻制和有多个性伴侣史的性行为不活跃的妇女。综合纵向人种学方法将包括对这些妇女的性伴侣和性行为进行深入的定性访谈，以及她们证明多重伴侣的首选脚本，以及对其家庭和社区的焦点受试者的直接观察。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application extends and builds upon findings emerging from the parent project entitled "Multiple Sexual Partnering & HIV Risks among Low Income Heterosexual Black Men" (R01 HD059706). That research with low-income black men reveals that many low-income black females also have multiple partners and suggests that male and female scripts may interact in important ways to increase or reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. This project seeks to understand the underlying dynamics and context of understudied and consequently frequently misunderstood social and cultural determinants of sexual behavior which commonly occurs among poor, inner-city, black heterosexual females who use drugs. Extensive evidence documents that along with drug use and/or sales, having multiple sexual partners is an important risk factor for HIV/AIDS and STI infection for black males and black females. Other studies corroborate findings from the parent study that low-income African American females also tend to have multiple partners, but few studies focus on these women exclusively. Understanding the scripts women use to negotiate sex with multiple male partners - and the ways in which men and women perceive each other's scripts - holds potential for informing highly targeted, effective prevention messages and interventions. The project will employ sexual scripts theory to develop a better scientific understanding of the subculture patterns which promote multiple sexual partners. The aims of this project will remain the same as those of the parent study: A (Sexual Socialization): To analyze the sexual norms and scripts observed and learned in the family of orientation and from peers that may result in multiple sexual partners in adulthood among marginalized heterosexual black females. B (Sexual Scripts): To document the role of drug use and various sexual scripts associated with multiple sexual partnering among black heterosexual females that contribute to HIV/AIDS risk. C (Practices for Safer Sex): To examine how and if marginalized heterosexual black females understand and selectively choose sex partners and practice safer sex with multiple sexual partners. This project will follow the same methodological process of investigation as that of the parent grant. We will conduct 15 focus groups involving 120 participants. We will recruit 150 focal subjects who will report different patterns of multiple sexual partnerships (overlapping and/or sequential) and will participate in three years of research. Internal comparison groups will include currently monogamous and sexually inactive women with histories of multiple partners. The omnibus longitudinal ethnographic approach will involve in-depth qualitative interviews about these women's sexual partners and practices and their preferred scripts for justifying multiple partners, along with direct observations of the focl subjects in their households and communities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: African American females remain disproportionately vulnerable to infection with HIV, primarily transmitted through sex with an infected male. Using script theory, this project will greatly advance scientific understanding of why and how marginalized heterosexual black women engage in various forms of sexual behavior with multiple partners, and whether and how condoms are used and safer sex messages are interpreted. These findings will build on the investigators' previous research on male scripts, leading to improvements in developing culturally sensitive messages for safer sex practices and reducing multiple partnering practices and HIV/STI infections among this high-risk population.