Project 6: PAHs in Highly Exposed Populations: Composition, Exposure and

中国人和美国印第安人都暴露在高水平的复杂的环境多环芳烃混合物中，近年来两个人群的肺癌死亡率都有所上升。这些人口暴露的复杂的多环芳烃混合物的特征仍然很差，这是风险评估的一个主要限制。由于燃煤电厂的迅速增加，中国是世界上最大的、呈指数增长的致突变颗粒物(PM)结合多环芳烃(PAHs)的排放者。这个问题不仅限于当地的暴露，因为这些多环芳烃在短短5天内就会跨太平洋大气传输到美国。我们假设1)中国人和美国印第安人暴露在高浓度的不同复杂环境的多环芳烃混合物中；2)亚洲PM在运往美国的途中形成硝基和氧基多环芳烃；3)亚洲PM导致美国西部PM的致突变性显著增加。我们对跨太平洋交通的监测为在全球范围内检验这些假设提供了一个独特的机会。我们的第一个具体目标是使用个人空气采样和新的尿代谢物分析方法，测量北京-天津大都市地区不吸烟的中国人和乌马提拉印第安人保留地邦联部落(CTUIR)的美国印第安人男性和女性与PM结合的多环芳烃的组成和暴露情况。我们的第二个具体目标是在大气和实验室中现场测量亚洲PM的老化。这将使用从北京、中国到日本冲绳再到山上的一系列监测点来完成。学士和波特兰，俄勒冈州和CTUIR，并将结果与实验室反应堆中的模拟大气老化进行比较。这类研究 以前从未进行过。我们的第三个具体目标是测量收集到的不同类型PM的致突变性，并将这些信息与中国和美国印第安人的多环芳烃暴露联系起来。这些数据将对改善对多环芳烃对高度暴露人群的人类健康影响的估计具有重要价值。将与C和D核心合作调查新的尿代谢物，空气质量轨迹和测量结果将被纳入一个基于网络的地理信息系统平台，州和联邦机构将与B核心合作使用该平台。美国印第安人部落的能力将通过向E核心合作转让空气采样技术并与E核心合作培训部落成员来加强。

Both Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high levels of complex, environmental PAH mixtures and lung cancer mortality rates have increased in both populations in recent years. The complex PAH mixtures these populations are exposed to remain poorly characterized and this is a major limitation in risk assessment. Due to the rapid increase in coal-fired power plants, China is the largest, and exponentially growing, emitter of mutagenic, particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. The issue extends beyond local exposure because trans-Pacific atmospheric transport of these PAHs to the U.S. occurs in as little as 5 days. We hypothesize that 1) Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high concentrations of different complex environmental PAH mixtures; 2) nitro and oxy-PAHs are formed on Asian PM in transit to the U.S.; and 3) Asian PM results in a measurable increase in the mutagenicity of PM in the western U.S. Our monitoring of trans-Pacific transport offers a unique opportunity to test these hypotheses on a global scale. Our first specific aim will measure the PM-bound PAH composition and exposure to nonsmoking Chinese in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area and American Indian men and women on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) using personal air sampling and novel assays of urinary metabolites. Our second specific aim will measure the aging of Asian PM in situ in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. This will be accomplished using a series of monitoring sites from Beijing, China to Okinawa, Japan to Mt. Bachelor and Portland, Oregon and the CTUIR and comparing the results to simulated atmospheric aging in a laboratory reactor. Such studies have never been conducted before. Our third specific aim will measure the mutagenicity of the different types of PM collected and link this information to Chinese and American Indian PAH exposure. These data will be of great value for improving estimates of the human health impact of PAHs on highly exposed populations. Novel urinary metabolites will be investigated in collaboration with Cores C and D and air mass trajectories and measurements will be incorporated into a web-based GIS platform that will be used by state and federal agencies in collaboration with Core B. American Indian tribal capacity will be strengthened by transferring air sampling technology to and training tribal members in collaboration with Core E.