Field Validation of New XRF Analyzers: Assessing Personal Exposure to Metals

描述(由申请人提供)：一种新的个人暴露分析仪(PEA)由纽约东格林布希的NIH X射线光学系统(XOS)资助开发，基于一种名为能量色散(ED)单色微型X射线荧光(M5XRF)的新型非破坏性光谱技术。这种新型分析仪的设计目的是供未经实验室培训的工作人员在现场使用，以评估人类在各种环境(例如，家庭或工作场所)中暴露或接触的各种样品类型(例如，化妆品、个人卫生用品)和基质(例如，液体到固体)中的多种金属暴露。这包括我们摄入的液体(水、果汁、茶、葡萄酒、沙拉酱和其他调味品等)的样本；用于身体的乳液和凝胶(化妆品、香水、防晒霜、止汗剂、洗发水、肥皂、牙膏和其他个人卫生产品等)；以及食物或可摄入材料的样本(香料、坚果、膳食补充剂、药丸等)。可以很容易地粉碎、粉化或均质。该项目的主要目标是验证在现场条件下使用这种新分析仪获得的暴露测量结果，方法是将其应用于正在进行的对居住在纽约州首府地区(奥尔巴尼-斯克内克塔迪-特洛伊)的华裔背景受试者的汞暴露进行的生物监测研究，该研究由纽约州疾病控制与预防中心资助。在定期对参与者进行家访期间，将收集25至30个人的环境样本，以及生物样本(尿液、血液)，并分析金属含量(包括汞)。现场用PEA分析的样品也将在参考实验室使用“金”标准分析方法进行金属含量分析。作为验证过程的一部分，XRF(无损)分析仪和基于实验室的高成本黄金标准方法(破坏性)的结果将与PEA结果进行比较。该分析仪的有效性、易用性和坚固性将根据现场条件和用于评估其在其他流行病学研究中使用的可能性的数据进行评估。该项目建立在XOS的科学和工程人员以及纽约州卫生局沃兹沃斯中心的环境分析科学家之间现有的协作关系基础上。该研究小组还建立在沃兹沃斯中心科学家和环境流行病学家之间日益增长的合作关系的基础上，这些流行病学家与纽约卫生部位于纽约特洛伊的环境健康中心合作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A new Personal Exposure Analyzer (PEA) has been developed with NIH funding by X-Ray Optical Systems (XOS), East Greenbush, New York, and is based on a novel, non-destructive spectroscopic technique called energy dispersive (ED) monochromatic micro-X-ray fluorescence (M5XRF). This novel analyzer is designed to be used in the field by non-laboratory trained staff to assess human exposure to multiple metals in a variety of sample types (e.g., cosmetics, personal hygiene products) and matrices (e.g., liquid to solid) that an individual is exposed to or comes into contact with in a variety of environmental contexts (e.g., home or workplace). This includes samples of liquids we consume (water, juice, tea, wine, salad dressings, and other condiments, etc.); lotions and gels that are applied to the body (makeup, perfume, sun block, antiperspirant, shampoo, soap, toothpaste, and other personal hygiene products, etc.); as well as samples of food or ingestible material (spices, nuts, dietary supplements, pills, etc.) that can be easily crushed, powdered, or homogenized. The primary goal of this project is to validate exposure measurements obtained with this new analyzer under field conditions by deploying it in an on-going biomonitoring study of mercury exposure in subjects of ethnic Chinese background living in the Capital Region (Albany- Schenectady-Troy) of New York State, funded by a CDC award to New York State. Between 25 and 30 personal environmental samples will be collected during scheduled home visits to participants, along with biological samples (urine, blood), and analyzed for metal content (including mercury). The samples analyzed on site with the PEA will also be analyzed for metal content in a reference laboratory using "gold" standard methods of analysis. Results from the XRF (non-destructive) analyzer and the high-cost, gold standard laboratory-based methods (destructive) will be compared to the PEA results as part of the validation process. The validity, ease of use and ruggedness of the analyzer will be assessed under field conditions and the data used to assess it potential for use in other epidemiological studies. This project builds on an existing collaborative relationship between scientific and engineering staff from XOS, and environmental analytical scientists from the New York State Department of Health's Wadsworth Center. The research team also builds on a growing collaborative relationship between Wadsworth Center scientists and environmental epidemiologists working with the NYS DOH's Center for Environmental Health, in Troy New York.