Training Grant Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Viral Infections in Children

导致儿科发病率和死亡率的传染病谱已发生变化 在上个世纪有相当大的影响。白喉、百日咳和破伤风等感染，现在基本上看不到 即使在世界的发展中地区，在抗生素和疫苗出现之前，艾滋病也是主要的杀手。 有效和广泛地预防和治疗主要影响婴儿和儿童的细菌病原体 儿童，如肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌，已导致认识到 病毒感染是儿科发病率和死亡率的主要原因。病毒病原体的作用是 恶性肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病的免疫抑制疗法的进展加剧了这一问题 使宿主容易受到相对良性的病毒感染。令人惊讶的是，只有一小部分 抗病毒药物和对病毒致病机制和宿主反应的有限了解 病毒病原体，特别是在儿童中。在发展中国家，几乎没有抗病毒药物可用， 现有的疫苗，如针对麻疹和乙肝的疫苗并不广泛获得，而且 艾滋病毒大流行已导致全球每年有300名艾滋病毒感染儿童和1500万名孤儿。那里 显然需要解决儿童中病毒感染的识别、治疗和预防问题。 这笔培训补助金的目的是为儿科传染病的学员提供严格的准备。 在国内和国际背景下发展疾病的学术事业，重点是病毒 儿童感染。每年将有一名儿科传染病博士后实习生 被选中参加三年培训计划，尽管仅请求支持 过去两年的研究。虽然不是授予学位的课程，但有必修课程，以及 参加流行病学硕士课程和微生物学系的课程 斯坦福大学的免疫学也受到了鼓励。该项目是基于斯坦福大学的成功 大学儿科传染病学部自1978年成立以来，一直在制作全国知名的 学者和研究人员。它的结构允许学员从基础科学、翻译、 和流行病学研究跟踪来自医学系、微生物系的导师 和免疫学和病理学，并与来自津巴布韦大学、 加州伯克利公共卫生学院和墨西哥的自治大学和婴儿医院 研究儿童对病毒病原体的致病机制和宿主反应的目标。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 这笔赠款将培训儿科传染病研究员成为国内和国际学者 研究人员将重点放在识别、预防和治疗儿童病毒感染上。

The spectrum of infectious diseases contributing to pediatric morbidity and mortality has evolved considerably over the last century. Infections such as diphtheria, peri:ussis, and tetanus, now largely unseen even in developing areas of the world, were major killers before the advent of antibiotics and vaccines. Effective and widespread prevention and treatment of bacterial pathogens primarily affecting infants and children, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae, have resulted in the recognition of viral infections as prominent causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The role of viral pathogens is exacerbated by advances in immunosuppressive therapy for malignancies and autoimmune disorders, which render the host susceptible to relatively benign viral infections. Surprisingly, there is only a small armamentarium of antiviral agents and limited understanding of viral pathogenesis and host responses to viral pathogens, especially among children. In the developing world, few antiviral agents are available, established vaccines such as those directed against measles and hepatitis B are not widely available, and the HIV pandemic has resulted in >300,ooo HIV-infected children/year and 15 million orphans globally. There is a clear need to address the identification, treatment and prevention of viral infections in children. The purpose of this training grant is to provide rigorous preparation for trainees in pediatric infectious diseases to develop academic careers, in the domestic and international setting, with a focus on viral infections in children. One postdoctoral Pediatric Infectious Diseases trainee per year will be selected to participate in the three year training program, although support is only requested for the last two research years. Although not a degree-granting program, there is a required curriculum, and enrollment in courses offered in the Masters of Epidemiology program and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University is encouraged. The program is based on the success of the Stanford University Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases since its inception in 1978 in producing nationally known scholars and researchers. It is structured to allow trainees to choose from basic science, translational, and epidemiological research tracks with mentors from the Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, and with collaborators from the University of Zimbabwe, the University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, and the Universidad Autonoma and Hospital Infantil in Mexico City, v\dth the goal of studying pathogenesis and host response to viral pathogens in children. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This grant will train Pediatric Infectious Diseases fellows to become domestic and international academic researchers vsdth a focus on identification, prevention and treatment of viral infections of children.