Yellow Fever/Dengue Virus Competence in Aedes aegypt aegypti/formosus in Senegal

埃及伊蚊Aedes Aegypti Sensu Latu(s.l.)是人类传播黄热病病毒(YFV)的主要媒介 登革热病毒(DENV1-4)的四个血清型。没有获得许可的DENV疫苗，以及 尽管存在安全、有效的YFV疫苗，但这些疾病的控制仍然是主要的 依靠病媒控制。我们的长期目标是增加对当地居民的了解 动态，以产生更有针对性的、适当的、有望可持续的控制战略。 Ae.有两个公认的亚种。埃及人：推测的祖先形式为Ae。埃及伊蚊 在撒哈拉以南非洲的森林栖息地栖息的一种森林蚊子--福尔摩苏斯(Aaf)；以及Ae. 埃及伊蚊(AAA)，广泛分布于全球热带和亚热带地区。 与人类的联系。我们一直在研究基因流动、载体能力和 AAA和AAF在塞内加尔的分布。我们提供的数据显示了一个西北-东南向的倾斜面 这两个亚种的丰富性。西北收藏仅由AAA组成，而 东南部的藏品都是AAF。这两个亚种在六种高草上共处。 塞内加尔中部的稀树草原和灌木丛遗址。与文献相符，有能力 DENV2与亚种的分布相关。西北AAA级收藏品 高播散性感染率(DIR)，而东南部AAF集合具有低DIR 与DENV2的中肠逃逸屏障有关。奇怪的是，我们的数据和最近的 出版物表明，在全球范围内，基因在所有地理位置和亚种之间持续流动 塞内加尔。这就提出了一个悖论：媒介能力的分布如何与 当基因流动持续时，亚种是区域性的吗？我们展示了来自一家 QTL定位实验出错证明AAA/AAF重组减少 杂交种，与两者之间存在染色体倒置的假设一致 亚种。基因倒置将允许基因在亚种之间流动，同时保存 形态标记与媒介能力在亚种间的关联。这个 Ae中存在倒置的可能性。埃及伊蚊S.l.已经讨论过了，但从未得到证实，因为 不能准确地解析它们的多线染色体。我们的具体目标是产生 AAF的密集连锁图谱，用于定义假定的倒置。从这张地图产生的标记 将被用来定义塞内加尔的反转的地理分布。然后，我们提议 定位对DENV2和YFV感病的AAF QTL。我们还计划参观50个 我们最初的调查没有涵盖塞内加尔的其他地点，以提供更全面的覆盖范围 媒介能力和亚种的流行。

Aedes aegypti sensu latu (s.l.) is the primary vector to humans of yellow fever virus (YFV) and the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4). Without a licensed vaccine for DENV, and despite the existence of a safe, effective YFV vaccine, control of these diseases still primarily relies on vector control. Our long term goal is to increase knowledge of local population dynamics to generate more focused, appropriate, and hopefully sustainable control strategies. There are two recognized subspecies of Ae. aegypti: the presumed ancestral form Ae. aegypti formosus (Aaf), a sylvan mosquito inhabiting forest habitats in sub-Saharan Africa; and Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa), found circumglobally in tropical and subtropical regions in close association with humans. We have been studying gene flow, vector competence and the distribution of Aaa and Aaf in Senegal. We present data that show a northwest-southeast cline in the abundance of the two subspecies. Northwest collections consist of only Aaa while collections in the southeast are all Aaf. The two subspecies were sympatric in six tall grass savanna and scrub sites in central Senegal. Consistent with the literature, competence for DENV2 is correlated with the distribution of the subspecies. Northwestern Aaa collections have a high disseminated infection rate (DIR) while southeast Aaf collections have a low DIR associated with a midgut escape barrier for DENV2. Curiously, our data and a recent publication suggest continuous gene flow across all geographic locations and subspecies in Senegal. This presents a paradox: How can the distribution of vector competence and subspecies be regional when gene flow is continuous? We present exciting data from a QTL mapping experiment gone wrong that demonstrate reduced recombination in Aaa/Aaf hybrids, consistent with an hypothesis that chromosomal inversions exist between the two subspecies. Inversions would allow for gene flow between subspecies while preserving associations in subspecies between morphological markers and vector competence. The possibility of inversions in Ae. aegypti s.l. has been discussed but never proven due to an inability to accurately resolve their polytene chromosomes. Our specific aims are to generate an intensive linkage map of Aaf to define presumptive inversions. Markers arising from this map will be used to define the geographic distribution of inversions in Senegal. We then propose to map Aaf QTL that condition susceptibility to DENV2 and YFV. We also plan to visit 50 additional sites in Senegal not covered in our initial survey to provide a more thorough coverage of vector competence and the prevalence of the subspecies.