Musical Rhythm Sensitivity to Scaffold Social Engagement in Autism Spectrum Disorder

我们最近证明，一个关键的婴儿适应社会行为-看着一个迷人的眼睛， 照顾者--遵守一个基本的生物学原则“尊重”：婴儿的眼睛看起来会引导（或成为） 时间锁定）与婴儿指导的社交音乐互动期间护理者的有节奏的社交暗示相关联。 唱歌.同样重要的是，照顾者会构建自己的儿童导向行为，以增强这种有节奏的暗示 并促进有意义的社会信息的传递和接收。这些结果揭示了 典型的社会发展以及自闭症儿童社会发展的中断。一个共同和 终身神经发育障碍，ASD患者表现出社交和沟通障碍， 需要专门支持的功能。在当前提案的试点数据中，我们观察到， ASD表现出衰减，但目前，节奏夹带可预测的儿童导向的歌声。当前 该项目建立在我们对婴儿期有节奏的社会夹带的发现的基础上， 理解典型发育中的幼儿和那些 ASD，以及提出节奏夹带作为一个积极的成分，音乐为基础的干预措施，为社会 自闭症幼儿的沟通在R61中，我们首先量化了节奏性夹带对儿童的影响， 在有和没有ASD的幼儿中定向唱歌（R61 Aim 1），并检查其可预测性 夹带（R61目标2）。在可预测的社交音乐剧中成功建立节奏夹带 参与度（进行/不进行标准）将为节律敏感性的潜在基本作用提供强有力的证据 社交的诱惑。在R33中，我们测量了个体水平的节奏夹带在多大程度上， ASD是对音乐增强和标准循证自然疗法的反应的机械预测因子。 ASD的发展行为干预（R33 Aim 3）。建立社会节奏敏感性的可塑性 是确定未来基于音乐的研究的潜在变化机制的关键一步。 治疗ASD的功能性社会沟通结果。根据RFA-AT-19 - 001，促进 音乐与健康研究，该项目将促进对儿童健康和发展的严格研究， 音乐干预。通过对自然社会所提供的社会夹带原则的考察， 音乐的互动，这项研究的基本机制中断人际同步的影响 在ASD中，同时也确定了积极参与发展基于音乐的 干预措施。

We recently demonstrated that a critical infant adaptive social behavior -- looking into the eyes of an engaging caregiver -- obeys a fundamental biological principle of ‘entrainment’: Infant eye-looking entrains (or becomes time-locked) to the rhythmic social cueing of a caregiver during social musical interactions of infant-directed singing. Equally importantly, caregivers structure their own child-directed behavior to enhance this rhythmic cuing and facilitate the delivery and receipt of meaningful social information. These results inform basic mechanisms of typical social development as well as disruptions in social development in children with ASD. A common and lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, individuals with ASD exhibit impairments in social and communicative functioning that require specialized support. In pilot data for the current proposal, we observe that toddlers with ASD show attenuated, though present, rhythmic entrainment to predictable child-directed singing. The current project builds upon our findings of rhythmic social entrainment during infancy to advance mechanistic understanding of rhythmic entrainment in social development in typically developing toddlers and those with ASD, as well as propose rhythmic entrainment as an active ingredient of music-based interventions for social communication in toddlers with ASD. In the R61, we first quantify the effects of rhythmic entrainment to child- directed singing in toddlers with and without ASD (R61 Aim 1) and examine predictability as a driver of this entrainment (R61 Aim 2). Successfully establishing rhythmic entrainment during predictable social musical engagement (Go/No-Go criteria) will provide strong evidence of a potential fundamental role of rhythm sensitivity in social entrainment. In the R33, we measure the extent to which individual levels of rhythmic entrainment in ASD are mechanistic predictors of response to music-enhanced and standard evidence-based naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for ASD (R33 Aim 3). Establishing malleability in social rhythm sensitivity is a crucial step for identifying potential mechanisms of change for future investigations of music-based treatments for functional social communication outcomes in ASD. In alignment with RFA-AT-19-001, Promoting Research on Music and Health, this project will facilitate rigorous studies of child health and development and musical interventions. Through examination of the principles of social entrainment afforded by natural social musical interactions, this research has implications for basic mechanisms of disrupted interpersonal synchrony in ASD, while also identifying potential targets of active engagement for the development of music-based interventions.