Urethral Microbiome of Adolescent Males

摘要 青春期男性前尿道的微生物区系描述不多，也没有数据说明 青春期“典型”尿道菌群的范围作为青春期发育或 各种类型的性行为。这意味着目前对尿道微生物组的了解， 青少年男子完全依赖于成年人的数据，以及流行病学和行为学的解释。 青少年性行为的明显种族差异和性行为等条件的差异 传播性感染（STI）证明探索男性尿道的潜在种族差异是合理的 微生物群落一些对成年男性的研究表明，男性尿道和尿道之间的重要相互作用， 微生物菌群和性传播感染，但这项研究还没有扩展到年轻男性。 在这里，我们建议在收集的纵向尿液样本中表征男性尿道微生物组 来自多种族的男性青少年微生物植物群将作为青春期的功能进行评估 发展，性活动，和性病事件。受试者将为拉丁美洲人（N=24）、非洲裔美国人（N=24）和 欧美（N=24）男性，入组时年龄为14 - 17岁;总N=72）。参与者将从一个 在性传播感染高发地区的城市诊所。将在入组时收集社会人口统计学数据。 将通过手机收集日常行为和神经病学数据，这些数据也将用于队列研究。 维护和安排样品采集。将在入组时和36个月内采集尿液 使用高通量16 s rRNA基因组学、Q-PCR和 宏基因组测序STI测试也将进行，以更好地了解 尿道微生物组和感染。手机也将用于启动10天的每日样本收集 在特定的性行为、抗生素使用、避孕套失效或生殖器症状等触发事件之后。

Abstract The microflora of the anterior male urethra during adolescence is poorly described and no data address the range of "typical" urethral microflora during adolescence as functions of pubertal development or onset of various types of partnered sexual activity. This means that current understanding of the urethral microbiome in adolescent men rests entirely on data drawn from adults, and from epidemiologic and behavioral explanations. Marked ethnic group variation in adolescent sexual behaviors and disparity in conditions such as sexually transmitted infections (STI) justifies exploration of potential ethnic group differences in the male urethral microflora. Some research among adult males suggests important interactions between the male urethral microflora and STI, but this research has not been extended to younger men. Here we propose to characterize the male urethral microbiome in longitudinal urine samples collected from a multi-ethnic cohort of adolescent males. Microbial flora will be assessed as function of pubertal development, sexual activity, and incident STI. Subjects will be Latino (N=24), African-American (N=24), and Euro-American (N=24) males, ages 14 - 17 at enrollment; total N=72). Participants will be recruited from an urban clinic within an area of high prevalence of STI. Socio-demographic data will be collected at enrollment. Daily behavioral and symptomologic data will be collected via cell phone, which will also be used for cohort maintenance and scheduling of sample collections. Urine will be collected at enrollment and up to 36 1-month follow-up samples for characterization of microflora using high-throughput 16s rRNA phylogeny, Q-PCR and metagenomic sequencing. STI testing will be done as well to better understand interactions between the urethral microbiome and infection. Cell phones also will be used to initiate daily sample collection for 10 days following trigger events such as specific sexual acts, antibiotic use, condom failure, or genital symptoms.