Family Immigration Status and Latino Youth Substance Use

描述（由申请人提供）：父母未经授权的移民身份（PUIS），这是指一个外国出生的非公民的人缺乏法律的授权居住在美国一直被忽视的拉丁美洲青年之间的物质使用的研究，尽管事实上，大约四分之一的拉丁美洲青年与未经授权的移民父母生活。新出现的证据表明，父母未经授权的移民身份（PUIS）给家庭带来了巨大的困难，并导致儿童的不良发展结果[22-24]。然而，PUIS对家庭和养育过程的影响及其对拉丁裔青年使用药物的影响被忽视了。例如，对文献的搜索没有发现任何研究移民身份（即，未经批准或授权）和青少年物质使用。本论文项目的总体目标是了解PUIS对青少年物质使用风险的影响。未经授权的移民身份是指一个外国出生的非公民的人缺乏法律的授权居住在美国[25]。青少年使用药物的风险是指亲药物规范，自我效能拒绝药物提供，并打算使用药物。在这个项目中感兴趣的药物或物质是酒精，烟草和大麻。该项目的目标将通过包括定性和定量成分的混合方法设计来实现。该项目的目的是：（1）查明父母一方拥有未经批准的移民身份的家庭所面临的各种压力源、家庭对这些压力源的理解以及家庭科普压力源的策略。2)描述移民压力源暴露、家庭应对、父母和青年压力以及父母移民身份的养育方式的变化（即，未授权对授权）。3)根据父母移民身份（即授权与未经授权），描绘青少年物质使用风险的患病率，并探讨压力源暴露和家庭应对是否与青少年物质使用风险的差异相关。研究目标将采用序贯混合方法设计完成。在定性阶段，20名来自墨西哥的未经许可移民的父母或来自墨西哥的未经许可移民的配偶/伴侣将使用半结构化面试指南进行面试。在定量阶段，200名7年级和8年级的青少年及其父母之一将完成问卷调查。青少年将被问及压力源（即，PUIS相关的压力源，和一般的移民压力源）他们的压力反应（即，痛苦），他们的家庭用来科普PUIS压力源的策略，父母的做法，他们拒绝药物的信心，亲药规范，以及使用药物的意图（即，酒精、烟草和大麻）。父母将被问及压力源（即，PUIS相关压力源和一般移民压力源），压力反应（即，以及他们的家庭用来科普压力源的策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parent unauthorized immigration status (PUIS), which refers to a foreign-born non-citizen person's lack of legal authorization to reside in the US has been neglected in studies of substance use among Latino youth, despite the fact that about a quarter of Latino youth live with an unauthorized immigrant parent. Emerging evidence suggests that the parent unauthorized immigration status (PUIS) places formidable hardships on families and leads to adverse developmental outcomes in children [22-24]. However, the effects of PUIS on family and parenting processes and their implications for substance use by Latino youth have been neglected. For instance, a search of the literature yields no published studies examining the relationship between immigration status (i.e., authorized or unauthorized) and adolescent substance use. The overall goal of this dissertation project is to understand the effects of PUIS on adolescent risk for substance use. Unauthorized immigration status refers to a foreign-born non-citizen person's lack of legal authorization to reside in the US [25]. Adolescent risk for substance use refers to pro-drug norms, self-efficacy to refuse drug offers, and intentions to use drugs. The drugs or substances of interest in this project are alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. The goal of this project will be accomplished by a mixed-method design including qualitative and quantitative components. The project aims to 1) Identify discrete stressors confronted by families where a parent has unauthorized immigration status, the meaning families ascribe to those stressors and the strategies families use to cope with the stressors. 2) Delineate variations in exposure to immigrant stressors, family coping, parent and youth distress, and parenting practices by parent immigration status (i.e., unauthorized versus authorized). 3) Delineate the prevalence of risk for substance use in adolescents according to parent immigration status (i.e. authorized versus unauthorized), and exploring if stressor exposure and family coping are associated with differences in adolescents risk for substance use. Study aims will be accomplished using a sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, 20 parents who are unauthorized immigrants from Mexico or the spouses/partners of unauthorized immigrants from Mexico will be interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. In the quantitative phase, 200 adolescents enrolled in 7th and 8th grade and one of their parents will complete questionnaires. Adolescents will be asked about stressors (i.e., PUIS related stressors, and general immigrant stressors) their stress response (i.e., distress), strategies their families use to cope with PUIS stressors, parenting practices, their drug refusal confidence, pro-drug norms, and intentions to use drugs (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana). Parents will be asked about stressors (i.e., PUIS related stressors, and general immigrant stressors), stress response (i.e., distress), and strategies their families use to cope with the stressors.