Glial Control of CNS State-related Activity

项目概述：本项目研究神经胶质细胞对腺苷水平的控制及其在睡眠稳态中的作用。 睡眠稳态，即基于先前清醒时间的睡眠驱动力，通过增加的慢波活动来反映 (SWA，脑电图活动中的0.5-4.5 Hz振荡） SWA跟随SWS。SWS期间SWA的这种耗散和长时间清醒后SWA的积累， 已在人类、大鼠和小鼠中得到证实。此外，SWA积累和耗散已被建模 在野生型和突变型啮齿动物中，已知SWA的积累和消散受遗传控制。 在目前的项目中，腺苷在SWA稳态中的作用被研究，首先通过使用遗传学方法， 腺苷A1受体（ADA 1 R）的敲除，ADA 1 R是腺苷 影响SWA，其次是通过使用腺苷激酶（AdK）的诱导性敲除， 腺苷转化为AMP，并且由于平衡转运蛋白，在很大程度上控制腺苷的细胞外水平。 腺苷激酶主要在成年动物的神经胶质中表达，因此，如果腺苷影响SWA， 正如我们假设的那样，这将证明神经胶质控制SWA的稳态。项目 使用3个具体的目标：1）描述在SWA积累和耗散下， 基线和睡眠剥夺条件下的恢复，2）表征胶质细胞AdK在CDMA 1 R中的作用 介导的哺乳动物皮层神经元的抑制性张力，和3）表征胶质AdK在 在基线下和从睡眠剥夺条件下恢复时SWA的积累和消散。总的来说， 这些特定的目的是研究一种潜在的神经生物学底物，腺苷，它可能会影响 指示睡眠驱动的SWA积累和耗散。已知腺苷会影响SWA 因此，将该化合物作为控制SWA体内平衡的神经生物学底物进行试验是合理的。 初步的数据支持CDMA 1 R在SWA稳态中的作用，并提示胶质细胞介导的AdK敲除， 增加腺苷水平，也改变SWA体内平衡，但方向与SWA 1 R相反。 漂亮这些发现将为神经胶质控制行为状态相关SWA提供一种机制， 对神经胶质代谢状态敏感。

Project summary: This project investigates glial control of adenosine levels and its role in sleep homeostasis. Sleep homeostasis, the drive to sleep based on prior waking time, is reflected by increased slow wave activity (SWA, 0.5-4.5 Hz oscillation in electroencephalographic activity) following prolonged waking and decreased SWA following SWS. This dissipation in SWA during SWS and buildup of SWA following prolonged waking has been demonstrated in humans, rats, and mice. Further, SWA accumulation and dissipation has been modeled in wildtype and mutant rodents and it is known that SWA accumulation and dissipation is under genetic control. In the current project, the role of adenosine in SWA homeostasis is investigated, first by using a genetic knockout of adenosine A1 receptors (AdoA1R), the main adenosine receptor through which adenosine influences SWA, and secondly by using an inducible knockout of adenosine kinase (AdK), which converts adenosine to AMP and, due to equilibrative transporters, largely controls the extracellular level of adenosine. Adenosine kinase is expressed primarily in glia in adult animals and therefore, if adenosine influences SWA homeostasis, as we hypothesize it does, this would demonstrate glial control of SWA homeostasis. The project uses 3 specific aims to: 1) characterize the role of AdoA1Rs in SWA accumulation and dissipation under baseline and recovery from sleep deprivation conditions, 2) characterize the role of glial AdK in AdoA1R mediated inhibitory tone on mammalian cortical neurons, and 3) characterize the role of glial AdK in accumulation and dissipation of SWA under baseline and recovery from sleep deprivation conditions. Overall, these specific aims investigate one potential neurobiological substrate, adenosine, which may influence the SWA accumulation and dissipation that is indicative of the sleep drive. Adenosine is known to influence SWA so it is reasonable to test this compound as a neurobiological substrate that controls SWA homeostasis. Preliminary data support a role of AdoA1R in SWA homeostasis and suggest glial-mediated AdK knockout, which increases adenosine levels, also alters SWA homeostasis but in the opposite direction as AdoA1R knockout. These findings will provide a mechanism for glial control of behavioral state related SWA that is sensitive to glial metabolic state.