Heterosexual Black females: Socialization and HIV risks in scripts and practices

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请扩展并建立在题为“低收入异性恋黑人中的多重性伴关系和艾滋病毒风险”(R01HD059706)的父项目的研究结果的基础上。这项针对低收入黑人男性的研究显示，许多低收入黑人女性也有多个伴侣，并表明男性和女性剧本可能以重要方式相互作用，以增加或降低艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播感染的风险。这个项目试图了解对性行为的社会和文化决定因素研究不足、因而经常被误解的潜在动力和背景，性行为通常发生在使用毒品的贫穷、市中心的黑人异性恋女性中。大量证据表明，除了吸毒和/或贩卖毒品外，拥有多个性伴侣也是黑人男性和女性感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病和性传播感染的重要风险因素。其他研究证实了父母研究的结果，即低收入的非裔美国女性也倾向于有多个伴侣，但很少有研究专门关注这些女性。了解女性用来与多个男性伴侣谈判性行为的脚本--以及男性和女性如何看待彼此的脚本--有可能为高度针对性、有效的预防信息和干预措施提供信息。该项目将使用性剧本理论，以更好地科学理解促进多性性伴侣的亚文化模式。这个项目的目标将保持与父母研究的目标相同：A(性社会化)：分析在定向家庭和从同龄人那里观察和学习的性规范和脚本，这些规范和脚本可能导致被边缘化的异性恋黑人女性在成年后有多个性伴侣。B(性脚本)：记录毒品使用和各种与黑人异性恋女性的多次性伙伴关系有关的性脚本的作用，这些都会导致艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险。C(安全性行为实践)：调查被边缘化的异性恋黑人女性如何理解并有选择地选择性伴侣，并与多个性伴侣进行更安全的性行为。该项目将遵循与父母赠款相同的调查方法。我们将开展15个焦点小组，涉及120名参与者。我们将招募150名重点受试者，他们将报告不同的多次性伙伴关系模式(重叠和/或顺序)，并将参与为期三年的研究。内部比较组将包括目前的一夫一妻制和性生活不活跃的女性，这些女性有多个伴侣的历史。综合纵向人种学方法将涉及对这些妇女的性伴侣和做法进行深入的定性访谈，以及她们为多个伴侣辩护的首选剧本，以及对其家庭和社区中的焦点对象的直接观察。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application extends and builds upon findings emerging from the parent project entitled "Multiple Sexual Partnering & HIV Risks among Low Income Heterosexual Black Men" (R01 HD059706). That research with low-income black men reveals that many low-income black females also have multiple partners and suggests that male and female scripts may interact in important ways to increase or reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. This project seeks to understand the underlying dynamics and context of understudied and consequently frequently misunderstood social and cultural determinants of sexual behavior which commonly occurs among poor, inner-city, black heterosexual females who use drugs. Extensive evidence documents that along with drug use and/or sales, having multiple sexual partners is an important risk factor for HIV/AIDS and STI infection for black males and black females. Other studies corroborate findings from the parent study that low-income African American females also tend to have multiple partners, but few studies focus on these women exclusively. Understanding the scripts women use to negotiate sex with multiple male partners - and the ways in which men and women perceive each other's scripts - holds potential for informing highly targeted, effective prevention messages and interventions. The project will employ sexual scripts theory to develop a better scientific understanding of the subculture patterns which promote multiple sexual partners. The aims of this project will remain the same as those of the parent study: A (Sexual Socialization): To analyze the sexual norms and scripts observed and learned in the family of orientation and from peers that may result in multiple sexual partners in adulthood among marginalized heterosexual black females. B (Sexual Scripts): To document the role of drug use and various sexual scripts associated with multiple sexual partnering among black heterosexual females that contribute to HIV/AIDS risk. C (Practices for Safer Sex): To examine how and if marginalized heterosexual black females understand and selectively choose sex partners and practice safer sex with multiple sexual partners. This project will follow the same methodological process of investigation as that of the parent grant. We will conduct 15 focus groups involving 120 participants. We will recruit 150 focal subjects who will report different patterns of multiple sexual partnerships (overlapping and/or sequential) and will participate in three years of research. Internal comparison groups will include currently monogamous and sexually inactive women with histories of multiple partners. The omnibus longitudinal ethnographic approach will involve in-depth qualitative interviews about these women's sexual partners and practices and their preferred scripts for justifying multiple partners, along with direct observations of the focl subjects in their households and communities.