Consequences of Adolescent Substance Use on the Development of Impulse Control

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期是从童年到成年过渡期间神经，生物和社会成长的关键时期。健康的青春期被定义为控制冲动行为的能力不断增强。由物质使用和环境因素产生的正常发育偏差被认为是导致冲动控制不良的原因。青春期前的冲动控制问题和物质使用障碍的家族史似乎增加了青春期早期开始使用物质的风险。目前尚不清楚不良的冲动控制是否会导致或导致物质使用，以及不良的冲动控制和物质使用是否会在青少年发展中相互作用，产生越来越多的负面结果。在一项为期5年的纵向研究中，我们将确定青春期前冲动控制如何预测，和/或后来的物质使用参与改变，青少年冲动控制的发展。我们将招募360名有或没有物质使用障碍家族史的青春期前男孩和女孩（10-12岁），他们中没有人开始定期使用物质。青少年将在进入研究时完成评估，并在青春期中期（从10岁到17岁）每6个月完成一次评估，此时药物使用的风险增加。我们将监测物质使用参与，环境压力，身体成熟和冲动控制的变化。该项目将通过以下方式来研究这些复杂的发展对冲动控制和物质使用的影响：（1）确定青春期前冲动控制水平在多大程度上与物质使用障碍家族史的功能不同;（2）确定青春期前冲动控制水平在多大程度上预测经常使用物质;（3）描述正常青春期的冲动控制，以及这种发展如何随不同的物质使用水平而不同;（4）确定物质使用者的冲动控制的发展如何与物质使用参与的进展相关;（5）确定物质使用障碍的家族史、物质使用参与、环境压力源和成熟对青春期冲动控制发展的相对影响;（6）确定冲动控制和物质使用参与之间是否存在相互关系，使得它们在青春期具有越来越多的负面行为结果并相互影响;（7）在两个主要模型的背景下检验冲动控制、物质使用障碍家族史、环境应激源和物质使用参与的关系。通过实现这些目标，我们将确定何时，如何以及在何种程度上这些因素的个体差异有助于启动和发展的物质使用;如何随后的物质使用影响发展的冲动控制;以及我们的研究结果是否支持两个领先的理论模型青少年物质使用参与。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is a critical period of neurological, biological, and social growth during the transition from childhood to adulthood. Healthy adolescence is defined by an increasing ability to control impulsive behavior. Deviations from normal development that are produced by substance use and environmental factors are thought to contribute to poor impulse control. Preadolescent problems with impulse control and family histories of substance use disorders appear to increase the risk of earlier substance use initiation during adolescence. It is unknown whether poor impulse control contributes to, or is the result of, substance use and whether poor impulse control and substance use interact across adolescent development to produce increasingly negative outcomes. During a 5-year longitudinal study, we will determine how preadolescent impulse control predicts, and/or later substance use involvement alters, development of adolescent impulse control. We will recruit 360 preadolescent boys and girls (ages 10-12) with and without family histories of substance use disorders, none of whom have initiated regular substance use. Adolescents will complete assessments at study entry and again every 6 months through middle adolescence (from ages 10 through 17), when the risk of developing substance use is heightened. We will monitor changes in substance use involvement, environmental stressors, physical maturation, and impulse control. The project will examine these complex developmental influences on impulse control and substance use involvement by: (1) determining to what extent preadolescent levels of impulse control differ as a function of family history of substance use disorders; (2) determining to what extent preadolescent levels of impulse control predict regular substance use; (3) characterizing impulse control of normal adolescence, and how this development differs with varying levels of substance use; (4) determining how the development of impulse control among substance users is related to the progression of substance use involvement; (5) determining the relative influence of family histories of substance use disorders, substance use involvement, environmental stressors, and maturation on impulse control development across adolescence; (6) determining if there is a reciprocal relationship between impulse control and substance use involvement, such that they have increasingly negative behavioral outcomes that affect each other during adolescence; and (7) testing the relationships of impulse control, family history of substance use disorders, environmental stressors, and substance use involvement within the context of two leading models. By carrying out these aims, we will determine when, how, and to what extent individual differences in these factors contribute to the initiation and progression of substance use; how subsequent substance use affects development of impulse control; and whether our findings support two leading theoretical models of adolescent substance use involvement.