Drinking and Driving Among Recent Latino Immigrants

描述(由申请人提供)：拉美裔美国人一直过度卷入与酒精有关的致命车祸。证据表明，尽管拉美裔人并不比白人更频繁地酒后驾车，但他们似乎过度参与了酒后驾车逮捕和与酒精有关的致命车祸。尤其重要的是，移民在影响拉美裔在酒后驾车活动中的盛行方面发挥了作用。一些作者认为，移民，尤其是新移民，不太可能意识到酒精的有害影响，也不太可能理解酒后驾车的法律环境和后果。其他作者则认为，非法移民在试图保持“隐蔽”状态时，实际上是美国最安全的司机之一。拉美裔人，特别是最近的移民，如何看待驾驶受损(撞车和被逮捕)的风险，这种风险认知如何转化为实际的酒后驾车，以及如何采取具体的对策，如指定司机(DD)概念，目前尚不清楚。这种缺乏理解的情况源于对拉美裔，特别是最近的移民进行研究时涉及的复杂性。接触这一群体(特别是无证群体)、获取移民前信息方面的困难是推迟对这一群体的研究的众多因素中的两个。这项拟议的研究将利用一项为期5年的纵向研究，该研究一直在收集移民前和移民后影响佛罗里达州最近男性和女性拉丁裔移民酒精和非法药物使用行为的因素的数据，以获得关于他们酒后驾驶行为的急需信息。这项探索性工作的广泛目的是获取急需的信息，了解最近来到佛罗里达州的拉美裔移民(如果有的话)酒后驾车问题的严重程度，无论是合法的还是非法的。具体地说，这项研究建议：1)检查当前(移民后)酒后驾车的流行率，相关的风险认知(卷入车祸的风险， (被逮捕)，对酒后驾车法律的了解，以及在最近来到佛罗里达州的拉丁裔移民中对DD概念的认识和实施。2)调查最近移民到佛罗里达州的拉丁裔移民涉及与酒精相关的受损驾驶的可能性，因为它受到移民前后的因素和风险认知的影响。3) 以评估近期来佛罗里达的拉美裔移民中吸毒驾车的流行率。将获得的信息不仅本身是相关的，而且对指导进一步的研究工作也是至关重要的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Latinos have been consistently overinvolved in alcohol-related motor-vehicle fatal crashes. The evidence suggests that although Latinos do not drink and drive more often than their White counterparts, they nevertheless appear to be overinvolved in DWI arrests and alcohol-related fatal crashes. Of particular relevance is the role that immigration plays in shaping the prevalence of Latinos in DWI events. Some authors have argued that immigrants, particularly recent immigrants, are less likely to recognize the impairing effects of alcohol and to understand the legal environment and consequences of drinking and driving. Other authors have argued that undocumented immigrants, in their attempts to remain "under the radar," are actually some of the safest drivers in America. How do Latinos in general and recent immigrants in particular perceive the risks of driving impaired (crash involvement and being arrested) and how such risk perception translates into actual drinking and driving, as well as into the adoption of specific countermeasures such as the designated driver (DD) concept is unclear. Such a lack of understanding stems from the complexities involved in performing research on Latinos, recent immigrants in particular. Difficulties in accessing that group (especially in undocumented), obtaining pre- immigration information are two of the many factors that have delayed research on this group. This proposed study will take advantage of a 5-year longitudinal study that has been collecting data on pre- and post- immigration factors that influence the alcohol and illicit drug use behaviors of recent male and female Latino immigrants to Florida, to acquire the much-needed information about their drinking-driving behaviors. The broad aim of this exploratory effort is to acquire much-needed information about the extent of the drinking- and-driving problem among recent Latino immigrants to Florida (if any), both legal and undocumented. Specifically, this study proposes: 1) To examine current (post-immigration) prevalence of drinking and driving, associated risk perceptions (risk of crash involvement, risk of being arrested), the understanding of drinking-and-driving laws, and the awareness and implementation of the DD concept among recent Latino immigrants to Florida. 2) To examine the likelihood that recent Latino immigrants to Florida will be involved in an alcohol-related impaired driving, as it is influenced by pre- and post-immigration factors and risk perceptions. 3) To estimate the prevalence of drugged-driving among recent Latino immigrants to Florida. The information to be acquired not only will be relevant per se, but also will be crucial to guide further research efforts.