The interaction of brain structure and sleep neurophysiology in regulating the neural substrates of inattention symptoms in pediatric ADHD

项目总结 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是目前最常见的神经行为障碍之一 在童年和青春期。ADHD与沉重的人际和社会负担有关，但 ADHD的原因尚不清楚。睡眠是认知和行为以及睡眠剥夺的亲密调节器 会导致注意力不集中的症状。每三个患有ADHD的儿童中就有一个有睡眠问题，然而睡眠的作用 在调节ADHD注意力不集中方面的研究还不够深入。我建议研究睡眠是否有助于 儿童注意缺陷多动症注意力不集中的原因分析如果是这样的话，睡眠不足可能会带来一种新的但可控的风险 睡眠不足和注意力不集中同时发生的多种情况下的因素(例如，ADHD、焦虑症、躁郁症 精神障碍、自闭症、强迫症)。在此K01应用程序中，我建议通过以下几点来解决这一问题 发展性精神病理学和神经行为障碍方面的培训(如评估、诊断、 患者接触)，患有此类疾病的儿童的多模式神经成像，高级统计和分析 技术(例如，因果推理建模)、儿童和青少年睡眠(例如，睡眠障碍在 ADHD)和儿童/青春期发育。我提出了一项研究计划，充分利用这一相互作用 纪律训练。我将对68名年轻人(10-13岁)的症状进行描述- 注意力不集中，从无症状到严重的注意力缺陷。每个孩子将进入一个花销三人组 实验室之夜：实验室睡眠的睡眠休息之夜，睡眠时间限制为4小时的夜晚，以及 一整晚的恢复睡眠。我预测，注意力的日益严重将与大脑结构有关 注意力调节神经解剖学缺陷，将导致非典型睡眠，并因此增加 容易失眠，对睡眠益处的敏感度降低。如果成功，这个项目将极大地 扩大我们对睡眠在ADHD中的作用的认识。

PROJECT SUMMARY Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorders present during childhood and adolescence. ADHD associated with profound interpersonal and societal burden, yet the cause of ADHD is unknown. Sleep is an intimate regulator of cognition and behavior and sleep deprivation leads to inattention-like symptoms. One in three children with ADHD have sleep problems, yet the role of sleep in regulating inattention in ADHD is under-investigated. I propose to examine whether sleep contributes to the cause of inattention characteristic to pediatric ADHD. If so, sleep loss may provide a novel yet manageable risk factor in multiple conditions where sleep loss and inattention co-occur (e.g., ADHD, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, autism, obsessive compulsive disorder). In this K01 application I propose to address this concern with training in developmental psychopathology and neurobehavioral disorders (e.g., assessment, diagnosis, patient contact), multi-modal neuroimaging in children with such disorders, advanced statistical and analytical techniques (e.g., causal inference modeling), child and adolescent sleep (e.g., sleep disorders co-morbid in ADHD), and child/pubertal development. I propose a research plan that fully capitalizes on this inter- disciplinary training. I will characterize a sample of 68 youngsters (10-13 yo) across a dimension of symptom- level inattention, ranging from asymptomatic to severe attention deficits. Each child will enter a spend three nights in the laboratory: a sleep-rested night of laboratory sleep, a night with sleep restricted to 4 hours, and a full night of recovery sleep. I predict that increasing severity of attention will be associated with structural brain deficits in attention-regulating neuroanatomy that will lead to atypical sleep, and as a result increased vulnerability to sleep loss and decreased sensitivity to the benefits of sleep. If successful this project will greatly expand our knowledge of the role of sleep in ADHD.