Measuring small molecule interactions with membrane proteins on single cells via detecting nanometer scale membrane deformations

项目总结 测定分子与细胞上膜蛋白的相互作用并量化相互作用动力学 实时对于了解许多细胞过程、验证生物标志物和筛查是至关重要的 毒品。这是因为膜蛋白负责细胞的许多重要细胞功能， 包括与其他细胞的通讯，感知周围环境，以及运输分子 以及细胞内外的离子。它们也占目前药物靶标的近60%。然而，发展这样的 能力一直是一个困难的挑战，特别是对小分子来说，因为大多数传统的结合 动力学测量技术是基于对分子质量的检测，分子质量随着时间的推移而减小 分子的大小。小分子是最重要的药物形式，占所有药物的70%以上 到目前为止已经开发出的药物。 为了解决未得到满足的需求，该项目将开发一种机械放大光学检测技术。 这项技术是基于一个基本的热力学原理，即电池中的机械变形 当细胞上发生分子结合事件时，膜就会发生。通过准确地监控 因此，可以确定大分子和小分子结合的动力学。 细胞上的膜蛋白。该新策略提供对小结合信号的机械放大， 它结合了一种新的成像技术和信号处理算法来跟踪细胞变形 亚纳米精度，使检测与膜蛋白的分子相互作用成为可能。它还 通过分析不同细胞之间的结合动力学变异性，可以研究细胞的异质性 细胞。最后，这项技术允许研究难以或不可能分离的膜蛋白。 来自具有完整天然结构和活动的细胞。 该项目的具体目标是1)建立数据采集和分析算法，以准确地 检测分子结合引起的细胞膜变形，2)建立高通量的单分子检测系统 细胞结合动力学分析，3)发展研究低密度膜的低噪声成像技术 蛋白质，以及4)验证新技术的性能和可用性。该项目的成功将 为生物医学研究社区和行业提供一个研究基本细胞过程的新工具， 验证生物标记物，并筛选新药。

PROJECT SUMMARY Measuring interactions of molecules with membrane proteins on cells and quantifying the interaction kinetics in real time are critical for understanding many cellular processes, for validating biomarkers, and for screening drugs. This is because membrane proteins are responsible for many important cellular functions of cells, including communication with other cells, sensing the surrounding environment, and transporting molecules and ions in and out of cells. They also comprise nearly 60% of current drug targets. However, developing such a capability has been a difficult challenge, especially for small molecules, because most traditional binding kinetics measurement technologies are based on the detection of molecular mass, which diminishes with the size of the molecule. Small molecules are the most important forms of drugs, accounting for over 70% of all the drugs developed to date. To address the unmet need, this project will develop a mechanically amplified optical detection technology. The technology is based on a basic thermodynamics principle that a mechanical deformation in the cell membrane occurs when a molecular binding event takes place on the cell. By accurately monitoring the mechanical deformation, one can thus determine the kinetics of both large and small molecule binding with membrane proteins on cells. This new strategy provides mechanical amplification to small binding signals, which, together with a novel imaging technology and signal processing algorithm to track cell deformation with sub-nanometer accuracy, make it possible to detect molecular interactions with membrane proteins. It also allows the study of heterogeneous nature of cells by analyzing the binding kinetics variability between different cells. Finally, the technology allows the study of membrane proteins that are difficult or impossible to isolate from cells with intact native structures and activities. The specific aims of the project are to 1) establish data acquisition and analysis algorithms to accurately detect molecular binding-induced cell membrane deformation, 2) develop a high-throughput system for single cell binding kinetics analysis, 3) develop a low-noise imaging technology for studying low-density membrane proteins, and 4) validate the performance and usability of the new technology. The success of the project will lead to a new tool for biomedical research community and industry for studying basic cellular processes, for validating biomarkers, and for screening new drugs.