Motivational and Contextual Influences on Patterns of Simultaneous Alcohol and Marijuana Use: A Daily Assessment Study

绝大多数大学大麻使用者同时使用酒精和大麻（SAM）， 导致的后果比单独使用酒精或大麻时更严重。 考虑到关于娱乐性大麻使用的法律的变化，SAM的使用可能会继续下去， 增加迄今为止，关于SAM使用的大多数研究都是横断面的、回顾性的和/或集中在一个 单次使用的场合，和大部分的研究发生在最近的大麻法律的变化。此外，本发明还 关于频繁使用SAM的人与不频繁使用SAM的人和非SAM酒精的人之间的区别，人们知之甚少 和大麻使用者，甚至更少的是知道SAM使用的具体场合。因此，当务之急是 更多地了解这种现象的流行病学以及潜在的独特动机和 影响SAM使用的背景因素，以及主观效果和使用相关的后果。的 本研究的具体目的是：1）获得当代数据比较SAM使用的场合， 酒精和大麻的使用，在流行率，频率，模式，使用模式/类型和使用方面- 相关的后果; 2）测试一个发展的，互动的模型，检查内部和之间- SAM使用的近端和远端预测因子，并检查动机和 SAM使用模式的背景，SAM使用的场合，以及随后的负面后果。我们将 比较SAM使用的场合与酒精和大麻使用的单独场合（个体内 比较），并将频繁SAM用户与不频繁SAM用户以及非SAM酒精和大麻进行比较 使用者（个体间比较），以及个体内个体间差异 协会.该项目将研究1，440名大学生（18-24岁）目前使用SAM的情况， 三所州立大学，每一所都有非常不同的关于大麻使用的州法律，使用两阶段 方法：一个更大的调查评估（第1阶段）加上细粒度的每日调查设计（第2阶段）。 较长的调查将在每个为期4周的每日评估期之前进行， 校园每天基于网络的调查也将管理到一个子样本的120名学生每个校园为4 秋季和春季的几个星期。本研究的第二个目的是确定 对SAM使用的动机和背景影响在大麻法律的地位不同的地点普遍存在。 将使用多水平模型来确定预测因子和结果，作为使用是否 同时或单独。这项创新的多地点研究将为以下方面提供理论和经验基础： 设计预防性干预措施，以减少SAM的使用和相关后果， 和背景目标的干预以及实际和感知规范有关SAM的使用。结果 建议的研究将提供关键和及时的信息，以满足大学管理人员的需要 和辅导员，并告知大麻合法化的辩论。

A large majority of college marijuana users engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use, which results in a greater number and severity of consequences than when either alcohol or marijuana is used alone. Given ongoing legal changes regarding recreational marijuana use, it is likely that SAM use will continue to increase. Most research to date on SAM use has been cross-sectional, retrospective, and/or focused on a single use occasion, and the bulk of research occurred prior to the recent changes in marijuana laws. Further, little is known about what distinguishes frequent SAM users from infrequent SAM users and non-SAM alcohol and marijuana users, and even less is known about specific occasions of SAM use. Therefore, it is imperative to understand more about the epidemiology of this phenomenon and the potentially unique motivational and contextual factors influencing SAM use, as well as subjective effects and use-related consequences. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) obtain contemporary data comparing occasions of SAM use to occasions of alcohol and marijuana use alone, in terms of prevalence, frequency, patterning, mode/type of use, and use- related consequences; and 2) test a developmental, interactive model examining within- and between- individual proximal and distal predictors of SAM use and examine the moderating effects of motivations and contexts on patterns of SAM use, occasions of SAM use, and subsequent negative consequences. We will compare occasions of SAM use to separate occasions of alcohol and marijuana use (within-individual comparison) and compare frequent SAM users to infrequent SAM users and non-SAM alcohol and marijuana users (between-individual comparison), as well as between-individual differences in within-individual associations. This project will examine present-day SAM use among 1,440 college students (ages 18-24) at three state universities, each with very different state laws regarding marijuana use, using a two-phase approach: a larger survey assessment (Phase 1) coupled with a fine-grained daily survey design (Phase 2). The longer survey will be administered prior to each 4-week daily assessment period to 480 students per campus. Daily web-based surveys will also be administered to a subsample of 120 students per campus for 4 weeks during the fall and again during the spring. A secondary aim of this study is to determine if the motivational and contextual influences on SAM use generalize across sites varying in marijuana legal status. Multilevel models will be used to determine predictors and outcomes as a function of whether use is simultaneous or separate. This innovative, multi-site study will provide a theoretical and empirical basis for designing preventive interventions to reduce SAM use and related consequences by determining motivational and contextual targets for interventions as well as actual and perceived norms regarding SAM use. The results of the proposed research will provide critical and timely information to meet the needs of college administrators and counselors and also inform the marijuana legalization debate.