A cohort study of air pollution, lung cancer, and COPD in Los Angeles County

项目总结/摘要 虽然空气质量在过去几十年有所改善，但空气污染无处不在， 受影响的人是一个主要的公共卫生问题。2013年，国际癌症研究机构 将室外空气污染和颗粒物（PM）归类为对人类致癌的物质， 癌这一最新的分类要求迅速采取行动，以解决流行病学文献中的空白， 空气污染在增加肺癌和慢性阻塞性肺病风险中的作用 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是美国四大死因之一。因此，我们设计了以下目标， 利用丰富的环境，生活方式，邻里，分子，和长期的监测数据， 多种族队列研究（MEC）。我们在目标1中提出量化和表征关联 空气中颗粒物（PM2.5，PM10）暴露与肺癌风险之间的关系 加州（CA）MEC参与者，3，057例肺癌病例。在目标2中，我们将量化和描述 PM2.5、PM10与46，000名CA MEC参与者中COPD风险之间的相关性， 包括11，508例COPD病例。在目标3中，我们将研究PM2.5，PM10和血清之间的关系 炎症标志物C-反应蛋白的水平，已经在7,566名CA MEC参与者中获得。在每个 在这些目标中，我们还将评估这些PM关联在多大程度上被共同污染物所改变 (e.g., NO2和NOx交通标志物），个人水平（例如，种族/民族、性别、吸烟状况），以及 邻域级（例如，社会经济地位、种族飞地）因素。这项建议的优点包括： (1)它是首批包含大量前瞻性空气污染、肺癌和COPD研究的研究之一 非洲人和拉丁裔人数（n= 80，489）;（2）它通过以下方式解决了空气污染评估的复杂性 评估三种不同的空气污染物估算方法，它们具有不同的优点和功能; (3)它利用同一时期的多种风险度量， 了解暴露模式和与风险的关联;（4）它结合了分子流行病学 成分通过这项工作，我们希望增加我们对肺癌负担的了解， COPD与空气污染暴露相关，并确定重要 分组。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT While air quality has improved over the past decades, air pollution is ubiquitous and the absolute number of people affected is a major public health concern. In 2013, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified outdoor air pollution and particulate matter (PM) as carcinogenic to humans and a cause of lung cancer. This recent classification calls for prompt action to address the gaps in the epidemiologic literature on the role of air pollution in increasing the risks for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), two of the top four causes of death in the United States. Thus, we designed the following aims, leveraging the rich environmental, lifestyle, neighborhood, molecular, and surveillance data of the long- standing Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study. We propose in Aim 1 to quantify and characterize the associations between estimated exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and lung cancer risk among 112,023 California (CA) MEC participants with 3,057 lung cancer cases. In Aim 2 we will quantify and characterize the associations between PM2.5, PM10, and risk of COPD among 46,000 CA MEC participants with Medicare data, including 11,508 COPD cases. In Aim 3 we will investigate the relationships between PM2.5, PM10, and serum levels of the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein, already available in 7,566 CA MEC participants. In each of these aims, we will also assess the extent to which these PM-associations are modified by co-pollutants (e.g., NO2 and NOx traffic markers), individual-level (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender, smoking status), and neighborhood-level (e.g., socioeconomic status, ethnic enclave) factors. The strengths of this proposal include: (1) it represents one of the first prospective air pollution and lung cancer and COPD study to include sizeable numbers of Africans and Latinos (n=80,489); (2) it addresses the complexity of air pollution assessment by evaluating three separate measures of estimated air pollutants having different advantages and functionalities; (3) it leverages multiple measures of exposures over the same periods to provide a greater depth in understanding exposure patterns and associations with risk; and (4) it incorporates a molecular epidemiology component. Through this work, we expect to increase our understanding of the burdens of lung cancer and COPD associated with air pollution exposure and to identify differences in associations among important subgroups.