Reconstructions and Representations of Cerebral Cortex

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将产生关于人类和非人类灵长类动物大脑皮层的组织，连接和进化关系的广泛新发现。它还将通过建立一个方便用户的数据库来传播成果，该数据库可随时提供高分辨率地图集、参考数据和经过广泛处理的出版数据集。这将使研究人员能够将他们的结果与参考数据进行比较，并提供一个平台来分享他们自己的结果。总之，这些努力将加速理解健康和疾病中人类大脑回路的进展。第一个目的是获得更准确的地图解剖连接猕猴和比较解剖连接与纤维束成像方法，间接估计连接的基础上扩散成像MRI扫描。一个现有的数据集，涉及数十个逆行示踪剂注射在数字化组织切片上绘制，将被映射到一个高分辨率的 猕猴图集这将以前所未有的准确性产生“地面真实”神经解剖连接的定量地图。比较示踪剂为基础的地图与应用于死后猕猴大脑的纤维束成像的结果，将提供一个客观的分析，以及纤维束成像估计解剖连接的强度。第二个目标是将人类的皮质组织和连接与猕猴以及我们最近的近亲黑猩猩进行比较。基于表面的物种之间的注册将被用来评估候选人之间的进化同源性皮质区，并比较猕猴和人类之间的连接模式。将使用髓磷脂图谱作为皮质结构的共同标记，将黑猩猩皮质与人类和猕猴皮质进行比较。这些分析将更好地描述人类谱系中快速进化扩张的区域。第三个目标是建立和帮助填充一个新的数据库，空间地图和地图的大脑分析图书馆（BALSA）。BALSA将包括一个精心策划的、最新的参考数据库，这些参考数据准确地映射到地图集表面和体积，以及一个用于共享与已发表研究相关的广泛分析数据集的图书馆，这些数据集由作者自愿提交。BALSA将具有用户友好的功能，可以轻松上传数据，方便浏览、搜索、基于网络的可视化和下载感兴趣的数据集。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will generate extensive new findings about the organization, connectivity, and evolutionary relationships of cerebral cortex in humans and nonhuman primates. It will also disseminate the results by establishing a user-friendly database that provides ready access to high-resolution atlases, reference data, and extensively processed published datasets. This will enable investigators to compare their results with the reference data and provide a platform to share their own results. Taken together, these efforts will accelerate progress in understanding human brain circuits in health and disease. The first aim is to obtain more accurate maps of anatomical connectivity in the macaque monkey and to compare anatomical connectivity with tractography methods that indirectly estimate connectivity based on diffusion imaging MRI scans. An existing dataset, involving dozens of retrograde tracer injections charted on digitized histological sections, will be mapped onto a high-resolution macaque atlas. This will yield quantitative maps of 'ground truth' neuroanatomical connectivity with unprecedented accuracy. Comparing tracer-based maps with results from tractography applied to postmortem macaque brains, will provide an objective analysis of how well tractography estimates anatomical connection strengths. The second aim will compare cortical organization and connectivity in humans to that in the macaque monkey and also our closest living relative, the chimpanzee. Surface-based registration between species will be used to evaluate candidate evolutionary homologies between cortical areas and to compare connectivity patterns between macaque and human. Chimpanzee cortex will be compared to human and macaque cortex using myelin maps as a common marker of cortical architecture. These analyses will better characterize regions of rapid evolutionary expansion in the human lineage. The third aim will establish and help populate a new database, the Brain Analysis Library of Spatial maps and Atlases (BALSA). BALSA will include a curated, up-to-date repository of reference data accurately mapped to atlas surfaces and volumes, plus a library for sharing extensively analyzed datasets associated with published studies, as voluntarily submitted by authors. BALSA will have user-friendly features that enable easy data uploading and facilitate browsing, searching, web-based visualization, and downloading datasets of interest.