COSMIC: An international consortium to identify risk and protective factors and biomarkers of cognitive ageing and dementia in diverse ethno-racial groups and geographical settings

项目摘要/摘要 识别认知衰退的风险和保护因素并开发早期生物标记物的最佳方法 和老年痴呆症是在具有代表性的队列中进行关于老龄化的前瞻性纵向研究 从人口中分离出来。世界各地都在进行许多这样的研究。出于实际原因，不 一项研究可以有足够大的样本和足够的力量来检测中等规模的影响，或者 比较各种人群中的比率、比例和前驱因素。此外，这些研究已经 使用不同的方法，甚至方法上的微小差异都使结果难以比较 在不同人群之间。这项拨款建议是为了支持一个财团-COSMIC(队列记忆研究) 国际联合会)-成立于2012年，现在包括来自五个国家中16个国家的26项研究 各大洲，总样本量为7万英镑。这些研究的带头人已经同意共同去 从这些研究中确定了数据。COSMIC的数据协调战略提供了探索的潜力 通过创建单个大型数据库来帮助将影响降至最低，从而既可解决现有的研究问题，也可解决新的研究问题 研究水平(如方法)和个人水平(如人口统计)因素，同时也使 这些将被作为结果差异的潜在贡献者加以探索。其他优势包括增加 用于检测中等规模影响的统计能力，以及固有的重复性和增强的概括性 与使用不同种类的样品和方法有关。 COSMIC将解决认知老化和痴呆症的分析流行病学中的许多现存问题。它 将有助于研究不同地域的老龄人口认知功能减退的比率和模式 地区和民族群体，并确定神经认知障碍的患病率和发病率在 这些设置。它将告诉我们哪些风险和保护因素是普遍的，哪些是特定于 某些人群。因此，可以确定新的因素。痴呆症的生物标志物也可以类似地 检查过了。队列将允许对已被诊断为癌症的个人进行衰退检查 痴呆症，以及这些疾病给不同国家的卫生保健系统带来的负担。 宇宙是一项真正的国际努力。交战规则已经确立， 前两个项目已经证明了其可行性。这项拨款建议是为了确保其财政可行性，因为 它继续增长，对认知老化和痴呆症的流行病学产生持久影响。

Project Summary/Abstract The best approach to identify risk and protective factors, and develop early biomarkers, of cognitive decline and dementia in older people is to conduct prospective longitudinal studies of aging in representative cohorts from the population. Many such studies are being conducted around the world. For practical reasons, no single study can have a large enough sample and sufficient power to detect modest-sized effects, or to compare rates, proportions, and antecedents in a large variety of populations. Further, these studies have used disparate methodologies, and even small variations in methodology make results difficult to compare across populations. This grant proposal is to support a consortium – COSMIC (COhort Studies of Memory in International Consortium) – that was established in 2012 and now includes 26 studies from 16 countries in five continents, with a combined sample size of >70,000. The leaders of these studies have agreed to pool de- identified data from these studies. The data harmonization strategy in COSMIC offers the potential to explore both existing and novel research questions by creating a single, large database to help minimize the influence of both study-level (e.g. methodology) and individual level (e.g. demographic) factors, while also enabling these to be explored as potential contributors to differences in results . Other advantages include increased statistical power for detecting effects of modest size, and the inherent replication and enhanced generalizability associated with using heterogeneous samples and methodologies. COSMIC will address many extant questions in the analytical epidemiology of cognitive aging and dementia. It will help examine the rates and patterns of cognitive decline in aging populations in diverse geographical regions and ethno-racial groups, and determine the prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive disorders in these settings. It will inform us which risk and protective factors are universal and others that are specific to certain populations. Novel factors may thereby be identified. Biomarkers of dementia can similarly be examined. The cohorts will permit the examination of decline in individuals who have been diagnosed with dementia, and the burden these disorders pose on the health care systems in different countries. COSMIC is a truly international effort. The rules of engagement have been established and the success of the first two projects has demonstrated its feasibility. This grant proposal is to help ensures its financial viability as it continues to grow to make a lasting impact on the epidemiology of cognitive aging and dementia.