COSMIC: An international consortium to identify risk and protective factors and biomarkers of cognitive ageing and dementia in diverse ethno-racial groups and geographical settings

项目总结/摘要 识别认知能力下降的风险和保护因素以及开发早期生物标志物的最佳方法 和老年痴呆症是在有代表性的队列中进行前瞻性的纵向研究 从人口中。世界各地正在进行许多此类研究。出于实际原因，没有 单个研究可以有足够大的样本和足够的功效来检测中等规模的效应，或者 比较各种人群的比率、比例和前因。此外，这些研究 使用不同的方法，即使方法上的微小变化也使结果难以比较 在人群中。这项拨款建议是为了支持一个财团- COSMIC（COSMIC研究的记忆， 国际联盟）-成立于2012年，现在包括来自5个国家16个国家的26项研究 各大洲，合并样本量> 70，000。这些研究的领导人同意汇集德- 从这些研究中得到的数据。COSMIC中的数据协调策略提供了探索的潜力 现有的和新的研究问题，通过创建一个单一的，大的数据库，以帮助尽量减少影响， 研究水平（例如方法）和个人水平（例如人口统计学）因素，同时也使 这些因素将作为结果差异的潜在因素加以探讨。其他优点包括： 检测中等规模效应的统计功效，以及固有的复制和增强的普遍性 与使用异质样品和方法有关。 COSMIC将解决认知老化和痴呆的分析流行病学中的许多现存问题。它 将有助于研究不同地理区域老龄人口认知能力下降的速度和模式， 地区和种族群体，并确定神经认知障碍的患病率和发病率， 这些设置。它将告诉我们哪些风险和保护因素是普遍的，而其他风险和保护因素是特定的。 某些人群。从而可以识别新的因素。痴呆症的生物标志物同样可以 考察该队列将允许检查已被诊断患有 痴呆症，以及这些疾病对不同国家的卫生保健系统造成的负担。 COSMIC是一项真正的国际努力。交战规则已经确立， 前两个项目已经证明了其可行性。这项赠款建议是为了帮助确保其财务可行性， 它继续增长，对认知老化和痴呆症的流行病学产生持久的影响。

Project Summary/Abstract The best approach to identify risk and protective factors, and develop early biomarkers, of cognitive decline and dementia in older people is to conduct prospective longitudinal studies of aging in representative cohorts from the population. Many such studies are being conducted around the world. For practical reasons, no single study can have a large enough sample and sufficient power to detect modest-sized effects, or to compare rates, proportions, and antecedents in a large variety of populations. Further, these studies have used disparate methodologies, and even small variations in methodology make results difficult to compare across populations. This grant proposal is to support a consortium – COSMIC (COhort Studies of Memory in International Consortium) – that was established in 2012 and now includes 26 studies from 16 countries in five continents, with a combined sample size of >70,000. The leaders of these studies have agreed to pool de- identified data from these studies. The data harmonization strategy in COSMIC offers the potential to explore both existing and novel research questions by creating a single, large database to help minimize the influence of both study-level (e.g. methodology) and individual level (e.g. demographic) factors, while also enabling these to be explored as potential contributors to differences in results . Other advantages include increased statistical power for detecting effects of modest size, and the inherent replication and enhanced generalizability associated with using heterogeneous samples and methodologies. COSMIC will address many extant questions in the analytical epidemiology of cognitive aging and dementia. It will help examine the rates and patterns of cognitive decline in aging populations in diverse geographical regions and ethno-racial groups, and determine the prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive disorders in these settings. It will inform us which risk and protective factors are universal and others that are specific to certain populations. Novel factors may thereby be identified. Biomarkers of dementia can similarly be examined. The cohorts will permit the examination of decline in individuals who have been diagnosed with dementia, and the burden these disorders pose on the health care systems in different countries. COSMIC is a truly international effort. The rules of engagement have been established and the success of the first two projects has demonstrated its feasibility. This grant proposal is to help ensures its financial viability as it continues to grow to make a lasting impact on the epidemiology of cognitive aging and dementia.