Assessing the genetic basis of arboviral salivary gland escape barriers in Aedes aegypti.

项目摘要/摘要 唾液腺是最终从感染者体内传播虫媒病毒的器官 蚊子进入她的脊椎动物宿主。唾液腺感染屏障与唾液腺 逃逸屏障(SGEB)决定蚊子的唾液中是否含有足够的病毒。 克服脊椎动物的免疫系统。SGIB明显表现为缺乏可检测到的 传播病毒感染(AS)的蚊子唾液腺中的病毒 由拉伤的腿或被砸碎的头部的生物测定确定)。有大量的研究 这份文件记录了针对布尼亚病毒和黄病毒的SGIB。另一方面，SGEB是显而易见的 因为在感染了唾液腺的蚊子的唾液中没有检测到病毒 (由解剖的腺体的生物测定确定)。与SGIB形成对比的是，它们的数量非常少 记录蚊子中SGEB的研究，以及那些只检查本亚病毒的研究。 此外，这些SGEB研究并不是在遗传上容易驯服的蚊子物种中进行的 它们可以很容易地从田间定居，在实验室饲养，作为单对杂交，并具有 大量的遗传标记。由于这一缺陷，我们对此知之甚少 SGEB是否有遗传基础，或者它们是否是随机的，取决于几个或几个 许多“环境”因素。这项研究的结果将表明，是否有遗传 蚊子中的因子，如果通过转基因或药物操纵，可能会 干扰蚊子传播虫媒病毒的能力。或者，如果蚊子 遗传对蚊子传播虫媒病毒的能力的影响很小，这就是 这不太可能是一个卓有成效的方法。派·布莱克在DENV-2数量遗传学方面的早期工作 在Ae.埃及伊蚊中肠感染和逃逸障碍表明，40%的变异是由于 其中60%是由环境影响引起的。到目前为止，许多基因已经被 已确定影响DENV-2感染的组织屏障，但许多环境影响 (包括病毒基因型)也已确定。同样的情况是否也适用于SGIB和 SGEB？

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT The salivary gland is the organ that ultimately transmits an arbovirus from an infected mosquito into her vertebrate host. Salivary gland infection barriers (SGIBs) and salivary gland escape barriers (SGEBs) determine whether the saliva of a mosquito will contain sufficient virus to overcome the vertebrate immune system. SGIBs are manifest as the absence of detectable virus in the salivary glands of mosquitoes that have a disseminated viral infection (as determined by bioassay of pulled legs or smashed heads). There are large numbers of studies that document SGIBs for bunyaviruses and flaviviruses. SGEBs on the other hand are manifest as the absence of detectable virus in the saliva of mosquitoes that have infected salivary glands (as determined by bioassay of dissected glands). In contrast to SGIBs, there are very few studies that document SGEBs in mosquitoes and those have only examined bunyaviruses. Furthermore these SGEB studies were not performed in genetically “tractable” mosquito species that can be easily colonized from the field, reared in the lab, crossed as single pairs and have an abundance of genetic markers. Because of this deficiency we have little understanding of whether there is a genetic basis for SGEBs or whether they are random, subject to a few or many “environmental” factors. The results of this study will indicate whether there are genetic factors in the mosquito which, if manipulated through transgenics or pharmaceuticals, could interfere with the ability of the mosquito to transmit an arbovirus. Alternatively if mosquito genetics accounts for very little of the ability of the mosquito to transmit arboviruses then this is unlikely to be a fruitful approach. PI Black's earlier work on the quantitative genetics of DENV-2 in Ae. aegypti midgut infection and escape barriers indicated that 40% of the variation was due to genetic effects and 60% was due to environmental effects. To date, many genes have been identified that affect tissue barriers to DENV-2 infections but many environmental effects (including viral genotype) have also been identified. Will the same hold true from SGIBs and SGEBs?