Project 6: Microbial Communities that Bioremediate Chemical Mixtures

项目6：摘要/摘要 无机类金属砷、有机氯化溶剂(如三氯乙烯)和芳香族化合物 碳氢化合物(如苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX))经常被检测为混合物。 地下水含水层中的污染物。它们在饮用水供应中的存在对 公共卫生和环境。目前，砷在ATSDR的危险优先名单上排名第一 据报道，在917个超级基金国家优先事项清单网站上，这是一个问题。由于其 在这些地点与三氯乙烯和苯系物共同出现，了解潜在的影响是很重要的 仅针对一类污染物的另一类污染物的去向和迁移的补救策略 污染物。这个项目的目标是应用系统生物学的方法来研究 微生物群落参与含砷地下水混合物的生物修复 与三氯乙烯和苯系物相结合。我们的目标是丰富和研究能够同时 降低砷的生物可利用性，降解共污染物，并具体解决复杂的问题 危险废物场地存在化学混合物所引起的问题。生物修复过程 这种生物刺激发酵微生物的方法是将有机物注入地下含水层以促进 三氯乙烯的脱氯可能会产生可溶的砷物种，导致新的和更多的 严重的地下水(GW)污染物。同样，释放到含水层的苯系物会导致快速耗尽。 氧和其他电子受体的结合，导致砷的动员。实现高效的关键挑战 不动员砷的生物修复是对地下微生物多尺度复杂性的理解 可促进有用的砷转化的社区，同时也针对降解 有机共污染物。我们假设对结构、功能和合养的理解 参与砷转化的微生物群落的相互作用可以导致最佳的同步 类金属砷以及氯化溶剂和芳香烃的生物修复。为了测试这一点 假设，我们将丰富和建设文化 以及共污染转化，并应用基于荟萃组学的方法来 描述这些社区内的互动。然后我们将评估这些浓缩的反应 和联合体对扰动和各种共同污染物的暴露(目标1-3)。我们随后将 开发模型，为这些混合物的有效生物修复的新设计提供预测性输入(AIM 4)。 来自受污染的GW和沉积物，能够 砷循环 通过这项研究开发的知识和模型将对指导 从业者完善生物修复操作与实践中常见的一地两检 砷、溶剂和芳香烃的混合物。

PROJECT 6: SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The inorganic metalloid arsenic, organic chlorinated solvents (e. g. trichloroethene (TCE)) and aromatic hydrocarbons (e. g. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX)) are frequently detected as a mixture of contaminants in groundwater aquifers. Their presence in drinking water supplies represents a hazard to public health and the environment. Currently, arsenic ranks No.1 on the ATSDR Priority List of Hazardous Substances and has been reported as a problem at 917 Superfund National Priorities List sites. Due to its common co-occurrence with TCE and BTEX at these sites, it is important to understand the effects of potential remediation strategies that target only one contaminant class on the fate and transport of the other contaminants. The objective of this project is to apply systems biology approaches to study interactions within microbial communities involved in the bioremediation of groundwater mixtures containing arsenic species in combination with TCE and BTEX. We aim to enrich and study microbial communities that can concurrently reduce the bioavailability of arsenic and degrade the co-contaminants and specifically address complex problems arising from the presence of chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites. Bioremediation processes that biostimulate fermenting microorganisms by injection of organics into groundwater aquifers to promote the dechlorination of TCE are likely to generate soluble arsenic species, leading to the production of new and more significant groundwater (GW) contaminants. Similarly, BTEX releases into aquifers result in the rapid depletion of oxygen and other electron acceptors, leading to arsenic mobilization. A key challenge in achieving effective bioremediation without mobilizing arsenic is understanding the multi-scale complexity of subsurface microbial communities that could facilitate useful transformations of arsenic, while also targeting the degradation of organic co-contaminants. We hypothesize that understanding the structure, function and syntrophic interactions of microbial communities involved in arsenic transformations can lead to optimized simultaneous bioremediation of the metalloid arsenic as well as chlorinated solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons. To test this hypothesis, we will enrich and construct cultures as well as co-contaminant transformations and apply meta-omics based approaches to characterize interactions within these communities. We will then evaluate the responses of these enrichments and consortia to perturbations and various co-contaminant exposures (aims 1-3). We will subsequently develop models to provide predictive input to new designs for effective bioremediation of these mixtures (aim 4). from contaminated GW and sediments that are capable of arsenic cycling The knowledge and models developed from this research will be valuable to provide guidance to practitioners of bioremediation to improve operation and practice in the common occurrence of co-located mixtures of arsenic, solvents and aromatics.