Central mechanisms of color vision

项目摘要/摘要 视觉系统已经成为理解神经元信息处理的主要模型。 在视觉上，颜色的亚情态提供了一个特别有吸引力的实验平台：我们知道一种 大量关于颜色感知的现象学知识，并可以解释颜色的某些方面 通过充分理解的生理过程进行的、定量的、高精度的感知。由于…… 有了这些知识，我们可以快速准确地诊断出许多不同形式的色盲，并可以建立 准确呈现颜色的设备。另一方面，我们的知识中仍然存在令人惊讶的漏洞。这个 拟议的研究将通过揭示三种类型的专业化来填补我们知识中的这些漏洞 V1区神经元的色觉。计划了三个具体目标：1)电生理特征 表达小白蛋白的抑制神经元。2)检验颜色敏感的复杂细胞的假设 增强不同反射率的材质之间的边缘。3)检验双重对手的假设 细胞是同时颜色对比诱导颜色的生理基础。拟议中的实验 将扩展我们的知识，使我们理解产生知觉的原理及其 精神错乱。这样的理解有望提供促进视觉功能恢复的手段 在创伤或神经疾病之后。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The visual system has emerged as a premier model for understanding information processing by neurons. Within vision, the submodality of color provides a particularly attractive experimental platform: we know a tremendous amount about the phenomenology of color perception and can explain some aspects of color perception, quantitatively and with high precision, by well understood physiological processes. As a result of this knowledge, we can quickly and accurately diagnose many distinct forms of color blindness and can build devices that render colors accurately. On the other hand, surprising holes in our knowledge remain. The proposed research will fill these holes in our knowledge by revealing the specializations of three types of neurons in area V1 for color vision. Three specific aims are planned: 1) Electrophysiological characterization of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons. 2) Testing the hypothesis that color-sensitive complex cells enhance edges between materials of different reflectance. 3) Testing the hypothesis that double-opponent cells are the physiological basis for color induction by simultaneous color contrast. The proposed experiments will extend our knowledge toward an understanding of the principles that give rise to perception and its disorders. Such an understanding promises to provide the means to promote recovery of visual function following trauma or neurological disease.