Enhancing Blood Donation at Schools and Beyond: An Implementation Science Study

加强学校及校外献血：一项实施科学研究 项目摘要 在过去十年中，马拉维在改善危重卫生方面取得了实质性进展 措施，包括降低婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率、孕产妇死亡率和艾滋病毒 相关死亡。尽管取得了这一进展，但疟疾相关贫血造成的可预防死亡 由于该国血液短缺，产科出血仍在发生。在过去的15年里， 马拉维输血服务机构(MBTS)显著提高了其输血能力 收集和分发，但MBTS 100%收集的目标尚未实现， 美国的需求仍有27%的缺口。目前的MBTS项目数据显示 学生捐献计划产生了最高的献血接受率，但其中许多学生 捐赠者不会长期保留，特别是在毕业后。由于经常捐赠者提供了 降低输血传播感染的风险，确定有效的战略，以增加 定期献血者对于确保安全血液的可持续供应至关重要。 应用程序的重点是确定可持续和有效的捐助者招募和 保留战略，将增加马拉维的安全献血，利用 青年献血热情明显，传播风险较低 输血感染。具体而言，将实施三个目标：第一阶段(UG3)，目标1： 对现有母婴传播系统和卫生部进行空间、流行病学和血液警戒分析 来自当前血液采集系统的健康(MOH)数据，以确定最佳功能 复制、数据质量改进和可能纳入实施的区域 科学试验；目标2：对采血的促进者和障碍进行评估 根据成绩优劣的地区/项目/学校重复捐款，以便 通报和完善执行科学战略；和第二阶段(UH3)，目标3：确定 马拉维为学校量身定做的强化捐赠俱乐部计划的有效性 促进首次捐赠，并在中学后吸引捐赠者保留。由一位 实施研究的综合框架，我们预计这项拟议的试验将产生 对文化敏感、适合年龄的激励方案、捐赠者信息和通信 最大限度地提高捐赠热情的策略。 该联盟汇集了一支拥有血液专业知识的多学科研究团队。 输血医学、流行病学、行为科学、实施科学和熟悉度 与马拉维的文化和背景相结合来实现这些目标。实施科学能力 为马拉维年轻调查人员建造的大楼被嵌入赠款的活动中，以确保 长期在输血医学方面继续研究。

Enhancing blood Donation at Schools and Beyond: An implementation Science study Project Summary Over the past decade, Malawi has made substantial progress in improving critical health measures including reducing infant, under-5 years mortality, maternal mortality rate, and HIV associated deaths. Despite this progress, preventable deaths from malaria-associated anemia and obstetric hemorrhage still occur due to blood shortage in the country. Over the last 15 years, the Malawi Blood Transfusion Services (MBTS) has dramatically increased its capacity for blood collection and distribution, but the goal of 100% collection by MBTS has not been achieved and there remains a 27% deficit of the nation’s need. Current MBTS program data suggest secondary student donations programs yield the highest uptake of blood donations but many of these student donors are not retained long term, particularly after graduation. As regular donors provide the lowest risk of transmitted transfusion infections, identifying effective strategies for increasing regular donors is critical in ensuring sustainable supply of safe blood. The application’s emphasis is on identifying sustainable and efficient donor recruitment and retention strategies that would increase safe blood donations in Malawi, taking advantage of the apparent enthusiasm of youth to donate blood and their relatively low risk of transmitted transfusion infections. Specifically, three aims will be implemented: Phase 1 (UG3), Aim 1: Conduct spatial, epidemiological and Hemovigilance analysis of existing MBTS and Ministry of Health (MOH) data from current blood collections systems to identify optimal functioning districts for replication, data quality improvement and potential inclusion for implementation science trial; Aim 2: Conduct evaluation of facilitators and barriers to blood collection and repeat donations according to high and low performing districts/programs/schools in order to inform and refine implementation science strategy; and Phase 2 (UH3), Aim 3: Determine the effectiveness of an enhanced Malawian-tailored school-based donation club program to promote first time donation and engage donor retention post-secondary school. Informed by a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we expect this proposed trial will yield culturally sensitive, age appropriate incentive programs, donor messaging and communication strategies to maximize enthusiasm for donation. The consortium brings together a multi-disciplinary research team with expertise in blood transfusion medicine, epidemiology, behavioral science, implementation science and familiarity with the Malawian culture and context to achieve the objectives. Implementation science capacity building for young Malawian investigators is embedded within the grant’s activities to ensure continued research in blood transfusion medicine long term.