Deconstructing the cellular control of hippocampal functions related to mental health: a role for birth order.

海马体既是压力的感受器，又是压力的调节器，与压力的生物学有关。 压力反应的结果。它显示了大脑中糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素的最高浓度 受体，以及对慢性应激暴露的广泛的结构和生理可塑性7。 海马体也参与对环境、学习和记忆的编码，并反复 与啮齿动物和人类在抑郁和焦虑相关任务中的表现有关。因此，它不是 令人惊讶的是，海马区的病理被归因于一系列精神疾病，如 精神分裂症、抑郁症、焦虑症和阿尔茨海默病。 在海马体中，出生后的神经干细胞系统对环境非常敏感。 改变，包括压力和丰富的经历。暴露在慢性应激下会减少神经发生 并增加干细胞的增殖，同时暴露在环境的丰富，锻炼和 抗抑郁药物在不影响干细胞的情况下增加了神经发生。而海马区的神经发生是 对环境操纵高度敏感，由此产生的神经元被认为对所有 上述的海马体功能包括应激调节。因此，支持多样化的神经元 功能在出生后的整个发育过程中不断地出生，这个神经发生的过程是 对压力和其他环境变化敏感。 我们感兴趣的是解开支持海马体功能的细胞逻辑。 齿状回。这项提案中概述的研究旨在确定大鼠海马齿状回内的细胞 海马体对每个海马体的功能都很重要。我们将使用一系列最先进的 针对齿状回神经元离散群体的遗传方法，因为它们可能是应激 在发育过程中，然后检查每一组细胞对正常海马区的贡献 功能和电路。完成拟议的研究将有助于破译哪些海马神经元 有助于编码应激反应，并确定相同或不同的细胞是否支持其他 海马体功能。

The hippocampus has been implicated in the biology of stress as both a stress sensor and a regulator of the stress response. It exhibits the brain's highest concentration of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, as well as extensive structural and physiological plasticity in response to chronic stress exposure7. The hippocampus is also involved in encoding context, learning and memory, and has been repeatedly implicated in performance on depression and anxiety-related tasks in rodents and humans. Hence, it is no surprise that hippocampal pathology has been attributed to a wide range of psychiatric diseases like Schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and Alzheimer's disease. Within the hippocampus, a postnatal neural stem cell system is exquisitely sensitive to environmental changes including stressful and enriching experiences. Exposure to chronic stress decreases neurogenesis and increases the proliferation of stem cells, while exposure to environmental enrichment, exercise, and antidepressants increases neurogenesis without impacting stem cells. While hippocampal neurogenesis is highly sensitive to environmental manipulations, the resulting neurons are thought to contribute to all of the hippocampal functions described above including stress regulation. Thus, neurons that support diverse functions are born continuously throughout postnatal development and this process of neurogenesis is sensitive to stress and to other environmental changes. We are interested in unraveling the cellular logic supporting the functional repertoire of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Studies outlined in this proposal aim to identify cells within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus that are important for each of the hippocampal functions. We will use a series of state of the art genetic approaches for targeting discrete populations of dentate gyrus neurons as they would be by stress during development and then examine how each population of cells contributes to normal hippocampal functioning and circuitry. Completing the proposed studies will help decipher which hippocampal neurons contribute to encoding stress responses and determine whether the same or different cells support other hippocampal functions.