Human hippocampal contributions to rapid encoding-retrieval interactions during memory formation

项目总结/摘要 情节记忆障碍是一个严重的挑战，个人与神经和精神疾病 包括癫痫、脑损伤、神经变性、精神分裂症和创伤后应激障碍。 开发有效的治疗方法将需要更好地了解大脑机制， 记忆的形成、储存和提取。这个项目的目标是通过测试一个 关于人类海马体的作用及其与大规模大脑网络的相互作用的假说， 记忆形成情景记忆的形成是一个时间上的扩展过程，个体在这个过程中主动地 通过扫视眼球运动（对于视觉信息）对环境中的信息进行采样， 信息转化为进化的记忆表示，然后使用这种记忆表示来告知 虽然海马体在偶发事件中的必要作用， 记忆的形成是很好的建立，很少有人知道它是如何参与扩展的过程， 在主动采样期间发生的存储器形成。这代表了机械方面的知识差距 理解情景记忆的形成，因为主动采样是记忆的主要方式， 被创造出来。这个项目测试了人类海马体在提供在线表征中的作用， 情节内容，并提供自上而下的信号，以大脑网络的视觉空间的注意和视觉 处理需要驱动视觉采样，以形成连贯的情景记忆。这一假设 将在几项测量和操纵眼动追踪中海马活动的实验中进行测试 任务旨在隔离记忆形成过程中记忆和视觉采样之间的相互作用。这些 实验将在接受神经外科手术的癫痫患者中进行， 临床护理，因为这提供了海马和其他神经活动（iEEG）的侵入性记录 感兴趣区域的时间分辨率与眼睛运动的快速节奏相匹配。时间 iEEG的分辨率是解决海马体如何驱动视觉的假设的关键， 采样，除了响应它。通过iEEG电极的直接电刺激也将是 用于测试海马处理在驱动主动视觉采样中的必要作用。透过审慎 测试海马在记忆过程中与大规模网络相互作用的作用 通过主动采样发生的形成，该项目旨在更好地了解与 在神经和精神疾病中发生的记忆形成中断。这些发现可能 为治疗记忆障碍提供了新的技术途径。

Project Summary/Abstract Episodic memory impairment is a serious challenge for individuals with neurological and psychiatric disorders that impact the hippocampus, including epilepsy, brain injury, neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, and PTSD. The development of effective treatments will require better understanding of brain mechanisms that support memory formation, storage, and retrieval. The goal of this project is to improve such understanding by testing a hypothesis about the role of the human hippocampus and its interactions with large-scale brain networks in memory formation. Episodic memory formation is a temporally extended process whereby individuals actively sample information in the environment via saccadic eye movements (for visual information), bind this information into an evolving memory representation, and then use this memory representation to inform subsequent viewing of information, and so on. Although the necessary role of the hippocampus in episodic memory formation is well established, little is known regarding how it participates in the extended process of memory formation that occurs during active sampling. This represents a knowledge gap in mechanistic understanding of episodic memory formation, as active sampling is the dominant manner in which memories are created. This project tests the role of the human hippocampus in providing online representation of episodic content and providing the top-down signals to brain networks for visuospatial attention and visual processing needed to drive visual sampling for the formation of coherent episodic memories. This hypothesis will be tested in several experiments that measure and manipulate hippocampal activity within eye-tracking tasks designed to isolate the interplay between memory and visual sampling during memory formation. These experiments will be performed in individuals with epilepsy undergoing neurosurgical procedures as part of clinical care, as this provides invasive recordings of neural activity (iEEG) from the hippocampus and other regions of interest with temporal resolution that matches the rapid pace of eye movements. The temporal resolution of iEEG is key to addressing the hypotheses concerning how the hippocampus drives visual sampling, in addition to responding to it. Direct electrical stimulation through the iEEG electrodes will also be used to test the necessary role of hippocampal processing in driving active visual sampling. By rigorously testing the role of hippocampus in interaction with large-scale networks during the process of memory formation that occurs via active sampling, this project aims to better understand mechanisms relevant to the disruptions of memory formation that occur in neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings could inform technological approaches to treat memory disorders.