Integrating theory, genomics, and comparative approaches to break barriers to the understanding of genome structure and sex chromosome evolution.

项目总结 从根本上讲，基因组结构可以通过将基因组划分为 常染色体和性染色体。减数分裂动力，分离机制，性别对抗， 上位性，较高或较低重组的好处，以及漂移都与 染色体数目的变化以及性别所含基因组的比例 染色体。然而，尽管经过了一个多世纪的研究，这些因素都不足以 解释基因组组织在不同物种之间的显著差异。我们的长期目标是 研究计划是：(1)开发新的和强大的模型，以更好地解释 导致染色体数目和所含基因组比例的变化 性染色体，以及(2)了解这些特征如何影响 其他特征包括常见的染色体疾病，如Klinefelter综合征和Turner 综合症。这将通过实施三管齐下的方法来实现 比较、基因组和理论方法，以获得对基因组进化的新见解。第一, 比较系统发育学方法将应用于跨越基因组和表型的数据 长进化时间尺度估计性染色体和性染色体的进化速度 染色体数目和这些比率的变化与生活史或其他特征有关。完毕 更短的时间段遗传和基因组研究用于物种内部和物种之间 了解基因组结构的分离变异和遗传变异的本质，即 性对抗。最后，通过理论工作对这些方法进行补充，以进行测试 并开发受结果启发的假设，或帮助进行遗传学和 基因组研究。总而言之，这项工作的结果将是对 在整个基因组树上形成大规模基因组结构的进化力量 并在今天继续影响我们的基因组

Project summary Genome structure, at a fundamental level, can be described by the division of the genome into autosomes and sex chromosomes. Meiotic drive, segregation mechanisms, sexual antagonism, epistasis, benefits of higher or lower recombination, and drift have all been implicated in changes in chromosome number as well as the proportion of the genome contained within sex chromosomes. However, despite over a century of work, none of these factors can adequately explain the striking variation in genome organization across species. The long-term goals of our research program are: (1) to develop new and robust models to better explain the forces that lead to changes in the number of chromosomes and the proportion of the genome contained in sex chromosomes, and (2) to understand how these characteristics impact the evolution of other traits including common chromosomal disorders like Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome. This will be achieved by implementing a three-pronged approach combining comparative, genomic, and theoretical methods to gain new insight into genome evolution. First, comparative phylogenetic methods will be applied to genomic and phenotypic data spanning long evolutionary time scales to estimate the rates of evolution of sex chromosomes and chromosome number and link variation in these rates with life-history or other traits. Over shorter time periods genetic and genomic studies are used within and among species to understand the nature of segregating variation in genome structure and genetic variation that is sexually antagonistic. Finally, these approaches are supplemented with theoretical work to test and develop hypotheses inspired by results or to aid in experimental design for genetic and genomic studies. Together, the results of this work will be an unprecedented understanding of the evolutionary forces that have shaped the large-scale structure of genome across the tree of life and continue to impact our genomes today