Circadian and sleep pathways to cardiometabolic disease risk: role of neurobehavioral processes

项目摘要/摘要 据报道，三分之一的美国人在午夜后就寝，这可能会增加患癌症的风险 心脏代谢性疾病是由于睡眠时间相对于内部睡眠时间不一致所致 昼夜节律和睡眠时间短。考虑到昼夜节律的关系 以及进食行为紊乱和胰岛素抵抗，这项研究将建立在我们之前 通过检查神经行为和饮食机制将晚睡与增加睡眠联系起来 心脏代谢风险。有强有力的证据表明，晚睡时间与个人 神经行为过程的差异，如延迟满足感和 冲动。我们提出了一个昼夜节律失调影响神经行为的模型。 增加心脏代谢风险的过程和饮食行为。在此模型中，暴露于 睡眠时间短是这些关系的调节因素。前人研究的局限性 昼夜节律的一致性是大多数都是作为短期实验在高度 实验室环境受到控制，对行为机制的关注很少。 因此，我们研究的首要目标是阐明行为和生物学上的 睡眠时间晚的人心脏代谢风险的机制 自然主义条件。我们将测试我们的神经行为易损性模型 对100名晚睡超重或肥胖成年人进行的为期12个月的纵向研究中的睡眠者 计时(就寝时间在凌晨12：00或更晚)。参与者将完成新陈代谢、睡眠、饮食和 在基线、6个月和12个月时进行昼夜节律评估。我们将进行神经行为和 在早晚的饮食评估中评估一天中的时间在 神经行为和饮食行为。本研究的目的是：1.确定 有无短时睡眠对神经行为过程的昼夜节律调整， 饮食行为和心脏代谢危险因素，2.确定一天中的时间是否会影响 超重晚发者的神经行为测量和饮食行为 睡眠时间，以及3.确定昼夜节律失调如何预测 超过12个月的心脏代谢风险。我们将测试神经行为测量和睡眠 在纵向模型中作为昼夜节律失调影响的调节因素的持续时间。结果 这项研究将促进人们对睡眠/昼夜节律之间复杂关系的了解 生物和行为因素方面的节律和心脏代谢风险，因此 为新的行为和环境干预提供基础，以使 晚睡个体的昼夜节律和神经行为过程的改变 时机到了。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT It is reported that 1/3rd of Americans have bedtimes after midnight, which may increase risk for cardiometabolic disease due to misalignment of the sleep period relative to the internal circadian rhythm and short sleep duration. Given the relationship between circadian alignment and disruptions in eating behaviors and insulin resistance, this study will build on our previous work by examining the neurobehavioral and dietary mechanisms that link late sleep to increased cardiometabolic risk. There is strong evidence that late sleep timing is associated with individual differences in neurobehavioral processes, such reduced ability to delay gratification and impulsivity. We propose a model in which circadian misalignment affects neurobehavioral processes and eating behaviors that increase cardiometabolic risk. In this model, exposure to short sleep duration is a moderator of these relationships. A limitation of previous research on circadian alignment is that most have been conducted as short term experiments in highly controlled laboratory settings and little attention has been paid to behavioral mechanisms. Therefore, the overarching goal of our research is to elucidate the behavioral and biological mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk among individuals with late sleep timing living under naturalistic conditions. We will to test our model of neurobehavioral vulnerability among late sleepers in a 12-month longitudinal study of 100 overweight or obese adults with late sleep timing (bedtime at 12:00 am or later). Participants will complete metabolic, sleep, diet and circadian assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months. We will conduct neurobehavioral and eating assessments in the morning and evening to evaluate the role of time of day in neurobehavioral and eating behaviors. The aims of this study are 1. To determine the role of circadian alignment with and without short sleep duration on neurobehavioral processes, dietary behaviors and cardiometabolic risk factors, 2. To determine if time of day impacts neurobehavioral measures and dietary behaviors among overweight individuals with late sleep timing, and 3. To determine how circadian misalignment predicts changes in cardiometabolic risk over 12 months. We will test neurobehavioral measures and sleep duration as moderators of the effects of circadian misalignment in longitudinal models. Results of this study will advance knowledge of the complex relationship between sleep/circadian rhythms and cardiometabolic risk in terms of both biological and behavioral contributors, thus providing the basis for new behavioral and environmental interventions targeted to align circadian rhythms and modify neurobehavioral processes among individuals with late sleep timing.