Life-course social adversity, pesticide exposure, and cognitive outcomes among an ongoing cohort of mid-life Latina women in an under served agricultural region

预计到2060年，拉美裔将占美国65岁以上成年人的21%，而2015年这一比例为8%。与.相比 非拉丁裔白人，美国拉丁裔有更高的患病率和更早的阿尔茨海默病和相关疾病 痴呆症(ADRDS)和相关风险因素(如心脏代谢疾病)的负担更大。生活-- 包括社会逆境和环境暴露在内的课程环境可能会在团队内形成 美国拉丁裔中ADRDS及相关危险因素的变异。了解独特的和结合的 社会和环境因素对中年认知结果的影响是至关重要的 早期预防ADRDS的努力；这些暴露是多层次的可操作目标 干预措施。然而，关于社会逆境和农药暴露的影响的研究有限。 关于ADRDS风险，包括生活在农药含量高、服务不足的农业区的中年拉美人 曝光。特别是，很少有研究前瞻性地评估社会逆境的影响，包括 拉丁裔ADRDS的文化特殊性(例如，与移民有关)的逆境；大多数关于杀虫剂和 ADRDS依赖于粗略的暴露措施(例如，回忆终身职业)。我们有一个独特的机会来 评估社会和农药暴露与ADRDS危险因素之间的关系 大约550名中年拉美裔妇女(平均47岁)生活在服务不足的农业区。这个 萨利纳斯母亲和儿童健康评估中心(CHAMACOS)研究，于1998年启动，作为 NIEHS/EPA儿童中心是一个久负盛名的墨西哥低收入者纵向出生队列 生活在加利福尼亚州农业社区的美国母子二人组。大量的信息已经被 收集关于母亲早年和中年的社会逆境、中年心脏代谢健康和农药的信息 通过生物标志物和基于地理信息系统的住宅邻近农药捕获的暴露 申请。我们的目标是增加两个中年认知评估，额外的社会逆境和杀虫剂 暴露测量和脑生物标记物数据收集(200个子集)。从生命历程中获知 视角和暴露-压力-疾病框架，该框架假定社会和环境暴露 可能对健康产生独特和综合的影响，我们建议实现以下具体目标：1) 量化早年和中年社会逆境对中年认知表现的影响 拉丁裔女性以及这些关联在多大程度上由心脏代谢和炎症所解释 机制，2)评估农业农药暴露与认知能力之间的关系 并评估社会逆境和接触杀虫剂是否会产生较差的认知结果 在中年拉美裔女性中，以及3)评估一生中的社会逆境、杀虫剂 中年拉丁裔女性的暴露和脑生物标记物。我们的总体目标是通知早期ADRD 美国拉美裔人--美国增长最快的老龄化少数群体--的预防工作。

Latinos are expected to represent 21% of US adults over 65 years by 2060, up from 8% in 2015. Compared to non-Latino whites, US Latinos have a higher prevalence and earlier onset of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and face a higher burden of related risk factors (e.g. cardio-metabolic conditions). Life- course circumstances including social adversity and environmental exposures may shape within-group variation in ADRDs and related risk factors among US Latinos. Understanding the unique and combined impacts of social and environmental factors on mid-life cognitive outcomes is critical for informing early ADRDs prevention efforts; these exposures represent actionable targets for multi-level interventions. Nevertheless, there is limited research on the impact of social adversity and pesticide exposure on ADRDs risk, including among mid-life Latinos living in underserved agricultural areas with high pesticide exposure. In particular, few studies have prospectively evaluated the impacts of social adversity, including culturally-specific (e.g. migration-related) adversity on ADRDs among Latinos; most studies of pesticides and ADRDs rely on crude exposure measures (e.g. recall of life-time occupation). We have a unique opportunity to evaluate social and pesticide exposure in association with ADRDs risk factors among an ongoing cohort of approximately 550 mid-life Latina women (average 47 years) living in an underserved agricultural region. The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, initiated in 1998 as an NIEHS/EPA Children’s Center, is a well-established longitudinal birth cohort of low-income, Mexican American mother-child dyads living in a California agricultural community. Substantial information has been collected on mothers’ early and mid-life social adversity, mid-life cardio-metabolic health, and pesticide exposure captured via biomarkers and geographic information system-based residential proximity to pesticide applications. We aim to add two mid-life cognitive assessments, additional social adversity and pesticide exposure measures, and brain biomarker data collection (on a subset of 200). Informed by the life-course perspective and the exposure-stress-disease framework, which posits that social and environmental exposures may have unique and combined impacts on health, we propose to carry out the following Specific Aims: 1) To quantify associations between early and mid-life social adversity on cognitive performance among mid-life Latina women and the extent to which these associations are explained by cardio-metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms, 2) To estimate associations between agricultural pesticide exposure and cognitive performance and evaluate whether social adversity and pesticide exposure interact to produce poorer cognitive outcomes among mid-life Latina women, and 3) To evaluate relationships between life-course social adversity, pesticide exposure, and brain biomarkers among mid-life Latina women. Our overall goal is to inform early ADRDs prevention efforts among US Latinos -- the most rapidly growing aging minority group in the US.