Linking brain and behavior across and around the visual field

项目摘要 凝视中心的视觉(中心凹)具有很高的灵敏度和分辨率，有助于许多人的良好表现 任务。但随着与中心凹偏心距离的增加，表现会变差。在任何给定的偏心率 刺激可以沿着圆极角落在任何地方。偏心距和极角都有显著的影响 关于人类成年人的知觉。这些因素为建立紧密的量化联系提供了理想的机会 行为和视觉信息的神经表征之间的关系。我们的长期目标是了解 视觉表现在不同的视野中有所不同，以发展一种空间视觉理论，包括神经和 性能随偏心、极角和个体变化的计算机制。是这样的 一项理论将适用于感知和认知神经科学的基础和翻译研究。我们 建议研究神经和计算因素是否以及如何明显限制了 观察者、偏心率和极角。我们的总体假设是大脑皮层放大极限的可变性 作为偏心、极角和观测者的函数的可区分性，并且这些影响是通过 噪音、效率和感官调谐的不同组合。拟议的心理物理[目标1]和 神经成像[目标2]测量将表征内部/神经噪声和感觉/神经调谐。 偏心和绕极角，并将限制对比度灵敏度和 敏锐度任务[目标3]。 除了提高我们对视觉感知和认知神经科学的知识，这项拟议的研究 将使我们能够对人类的表现做出预测。关于偏心率和极坐标的刻画 ANGE对人体工学和人类因素的应用以及公共卫生都有重要的影响。为 例如，对于在视觉的不同位置呈现信息的用户界面来说是至关重要的 菲尔德。我们可以将我们的知识扩展到真实世界的显示中，例如导航和驾驶舱警报系统， 汽车中的控制面板布局、计算机辅助检测系统以及用于呈现辐射图像的软件。 此外，所获得的知识可以辅助人工图像识别系统的设计。此外, 了解不同年龄段学习成绩差异的潜在神经和计算机制 视野将改进我们的视觉功能障碍模型(例如，黄斑变性、视网膜色素变性)，如 以及这些疾病的诊断。

Project Summary Vision at the center of gaze (fovea) has high sensitivity and resolution, facilitating good performance in many tasks. But performance worsens with increasing distance from fovea–eccentricity. At any given eccentricity stimuli can fall anywhere along the circle –polar angle. Both eccentricity and polar angle have pronounced effects on perception in human adults. These factors present an ideal opportunity for establishing tight quantitative links between behavior and neural representations of visual information. Our long-term goal is to understand how visual performance varies across the visual field, to develop a theory of spatial vision that includes the neural and computational mechanisms underlying performance variation with eccentricity, polar angle and individuals. Such a theory will be applicable to basic and translational research in perceptual and cognitive neuroscience. We propose to investigate whether and how neural and computational factors distinctly limit discriminability across observers, eccentricity and polar angle. Our overall hypothesis is that variability in cortical magnification limits discriminability as a function of eccentricity, polar angle and observer, and that these effects are mediated by different combinations of noise, efficiency and sensory tuning. The proposed psychophysical [Aim 1] and neuroimaging [Aim 2] measures will characterize internal/neural noise and sensory/neural tuning across eccentricity and around polar angle, and will constrain a computational observer model of contrast sensitivity and acuity tasks [Aim 3]. In addition to advancing our knowledge of visual perception and cognitive neuroscience, the proposed research will enable us to make predictions about human performance. The characterization of eccentricity and polar angle has significant implications for ergonomic and human factors applications as well as for public health. For example, it is of critical importance for user-interfaces that present information at different locations of the visual field. We can extend our knowledge to real-world displays, such as navigation and cockpit alerting systems, control panel layouts in cars, computer-aided detection systems, and software for presenting radiological images. Furthermore, the gained knowledge can aid the design of artificial image recognition systems. In addition, understanding the underlying neural and computational mechanisms of performance differences across the visual field will improve our models of visual dysfunction (e.g., macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa), as well as the diagnosis of these disorders.