Pregnancy Hormonal Profile/Biomarker Breast Cancer Risk

描述(由申请人提供)： 大量流行病学证据表明，早期的第一次 足月怀孕(25岁之前)可以提供持久的保护，防止 母亲患有乳腺癌。在以下情况下，保护性随着年龄的下降而增加 怀孕，大体上与产次无关。长期保护 妊娠相关因素对早期足月妊娠的影响 引起乳腺增殖和完全分化的激素变化 腺上皮细胞为哺乳做准备。完全差异化 乳腺腺细胞不太容易发生肿瘤性转化， 而绝大多数乳腺癌是由未分化的乳腺癌引起的 腺细胞。实验证据表明，特定的激素，如 作为人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、松弛素(RLX)和甲胎蛋白 (AFP)，可能在乳腺组织分化中发挥作用，并可能是 对怀孕对乳腺癌风险的保护作用负责。 最近的数据表明，与美国的高加索女性相比，亚洲女性 女性妊娠中期和晚期的荷尔蒙水平明显较高。 影响乳房增殖的物质，如雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)、 催乳素(PRL)和生长激素(GH)。这些数据支持这一假设 患乳腺癌风险较低的女性可能有特定的荷尔蒙特征 她们在怀孕期间比患乳腺癌风险高的妇女更容易患上乳腺癌。 我们建议在一项横断面研究中扩大这些观察结果 比较影响乳房分化的妊娠激素水平(hCG、RLX、 AFP)和增殖(E2、E3、PRL、GH)在高危妇女(白种人和 纽约的非裔美国妇女)，中等风险(在纽约的拉美裔移民 和低风险(在纽约的亚裔移民)患乳腺癌。如果 研究假设得到证实，可以使用怀孕期间的荷尔蒙状况 为了确定一个女人？S晚年患乳腺癌的风险。此外， 起保护作用的特异性激素(S)或其类似物 抗乳腺癌妊娠可用于开发新的 乳腺癌的初级化学预防策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A large body of epidemiological evidence indicates that an early first full-term pregnancy (before age 25) confers a lasting protection against breast cancer in the mother. Protection increases with decreasing age at pregnancy and is by and large independent of parity. Long-term protective effect of early full-term pregnancy could arise through pregnancy-related hormonal changes causing proliferation and full differentiation of mammary glandular epithelium in preparation for lactation. Fully differentiated mammary glandular cells are less susceptible to neoplastic transformation, while the vast majority of breast carcinomas arise from undifferentiated glandular cells. Experimental evidence revealed that specific hormones, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), relaxin (RLX) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), may play a role in breast tissue differentiation, and may be responsible for the protective effect of pregnancy on breast cancer risk. Recent data demonstrate that compared to Caucasian women in the US, Asian women had significantly higher second and third trimester levels of hormones affecting breast proliferation, such as estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH). These data support the hypothesis that women at low risk of breast cancer may have a specific hormonal profile during their pregnancies than women at high risk of breast cancer. We propose to expand these observations in a cross-sectional study by comparing pregnancy hormone levels affecting breast differentiation (hCG, RLX, AFP) and proliferation (E2, E3, PRL, GH) in women at high risk (Caucasian and African-American women in New York), intermediate risk (Latina immigrants in New York) and low risk (Asian immigrants in New York) of breast cancer. If the study hypothesis is confirmed, hormonal profile during pregnancy can be used for determination of a woman?s risk of breast cancer later in life. Moreover, specific hormone(s) or its analogues responsible for protective effect of pregnancy against breast cancer could be used for development of novel strategies for primary chemoprevention of breast cancer.