Social-Emotional Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns

尽管近三十年来人们一直在关注青少年吸烟问题，但相对而言，很少有人关注青少年如何从实验阶段发展到随后的使用阶段，以及如何预测每个阶段的上升或下降。该项目的总体目标是增加我们对青少年吸烟模式的了解。我们的希望是跟踪这些模式的自然历史，并深入研究一些关键的，选择的背景因素，可能会影响他们。我们的重点是社会情绪背景，重点是抑郁，焦虑，问题行为和积极的情感领域。作为一个项目，我们将研究这些社会和情感领域的交叉点。该方案项目的基石是建立和维持一个高质量的青少年群体。我们建立这一队列的设计借鉴了流行病学和发展心理学的元素，可以被认为是“吸烟的加速发展轨迹”。“我们将有计划地开发我们的样本，最大限度地提高我们研究吸烟水平或阶段的能力。我们的计划项目包括三个研究项目和三个核心。这三个研究项目是：1）青少年吸烟模式的近端背景（罗宾·默梅尔斯坦，P.I.）;（二） 发展对青少年吸烟模式的影响（Lauren Wakschlag，P.I.）; 3）吸烟对青少年吸烟者情绪的影响（Jon卡塞尔，P.I.）。所有三个项目都利用一个共同的核心队列来测试基础广泛的假设，此外，每个项目都利用最先进的深入测量模式来深入研究队列子样本的关键结构。在整个项目中，我们将结合生态 通过使用手持计算机进行的瞬时评估（项目0001），对父母-青少年讨论和互动的家庭观察（项目0008），以及青少年在受控实验室环境中对吸烟的心理生理反应（项目0003）。最先进的分析技术将探索这些变量的交叉点。我们将有三个核心。这些核心使我们能够开发一系列综合的、跨项目的分析和论文，这些分析和论文讨论了如何跨项目组合变量（例如，家庭、同伴、情境/背景、情感）相互结合，从实验开始就产生青少年吸烟的模式。这些核心将支持计划项目的基本功能，包括队列的建立和维护。这三个核心是：A）科学/行政核心（Robin Mermelstein，主任）; B）招聘和保留核心（Susan咖喱，主任）;和C）数据管理，测量和统计核心（Donald Hedeker，主任）。

Despite almost three decades of attention to the problem of adolescent smoking, relatively little attention has been paid to addressing the question of how adolescents progress from experimentation to subsequent stages of use, and what predicts transitions up or down at each level. The overall goal of this program project is to increase our understanding of the patterns of adolescent smoking. Our hope is to track the natural history of these patterns and to examine in-depth some key, selected contextual factors that may influence them. Our focus is on the social-emotional contexts with an emphasis on depression, anxiety, problem behaviors, and positive affective domains. As a program project, we will examine the intersections of these social and emotional domains. The cornerstone of this program project is the establishment and maintenance of a high-quality cohort of adolescents. Our design in establishing this cohort draws on elements of both epidemiology and developmental psychology, and may be thought of as an "accelerated developmental trajectory of smoking." We will develop our sample in a planned way, maximizing our ability to study movement across levels or stages of smoking. Our program project comprises three research projects and three cores. The three research projects are: 1) Proximal Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns (Robin Mermelstein, P.I.); 2) Developmental influences on Adolescent Smoking Patterns (Lauren Wakschlag, P.I.); and 3) Smoking's Effect on Emotion in Adolescent Smokers (Jon Kassel, P.I.). All three projects utilize a common core cohort to test broad-based hypotheses, and in addition, each project utilizes a state-of-the-art, in-depth measurement modality to examine intensively key constructs on a sub-sample of the cohort. Across the projects, we will use a combination of ecological momentary assessments through the use of hand-held computers (Project 0001), family observations of parent-adolescent discussions and interactions (Project 0008), and psychophysiological reactions of adolescents to smoking in controlled laboratory settings (Project 0003). State-of-the-art analytic techniques will explore the intersections of these variables. We will have three cores. The cores allow us to develop a series of integrated, cross-project analyses and papers that address how combinations of variables across projects (e.g., family, peer, situational/contextual, emotional) conjoin with each other in producing the patterns of adolescent smoking from experimentation onward. These cores will support the basic functions of the program project, including the establishment and maintenance of the cohort. The three cores are: A) Scientific/Administrative Core (Robin Mermelstein, Director); B) Recruitment and Retention Core (Susan Curry, Director); and C) Data Management, Measurement, and Statistics Core (Donald Hedeker, Director).