Long Term Recovery Among Convicted Drunk Drivers

描述(由申请人提供)：这份R01拨款申请要求5年的资金，将一组首次驾驶受损(DWI)违法者的观察期延长至15年。第一次观察受试者是在法院规定的药物滥用评估转介到新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基的筛查计划时(1989-1992年)。5年后，对1396名罪犯进行了访谈，确定了目前和12个月内的药物使用和其他精神障碍的诊断。目前的二次分析赠款检查了为5年后续研究开发的纵向数据库。对于拟议的研究，我们将定位并进行有组织的面对面访谈，采访整个为期5年的后续研究的参与者队列。据估计，71%的受试者可以找到，其中5%已经死亡。一项初步研究显示，参与的意愿很高(92%)，估计总共有750名受试者(35%非西班牙裔白人；47%西班牙裔；15%美国印第安人；3%其他种族；56%的受试者是女性)。访谈和问卷调查将衡量15年来酒精使用和其他精神障碍的进展；检查在正式和非正式治疗的帮助和不帮助下戒酒的受试者的属性；确定驾驶结果的长期比率，包括违规、撞车和酒后驾车被捕；评估预测长期饮酒/驾驶和交通结果的两种替代理论模型(即社会控制模型和认知行为模型)。最后，通过对一组罪犯进行定性研究，我们将评估受试者在长期保持戒酒和复发过程中的自我报告信息和变异性。酒精和药物滥用/依赖的流行率以及精神健康诊断将通过明确的诊断标准来确定。比率将在不同性别之间以及西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人受试者之间进行比较。推动结果将通过自我报告和使用仍居住在新墨西哥州的计算机档案记录数据来确定(估计约占受试者的88%)。在美国，酒后驾车是与酒精有关的死亡的最大单一原因，超过三分之一的司机在与酒精有关的撞车事故中曾因酒后驾车被捕。然而，很少有研究考察被定罪的酒后驾车者的长期结果。在这个已经详细描述的DWI样本中进行更长期的随访，可能会大大增加关于酒后驾车的知识。收集长期跟踪数据的能力，加上理论发展和综合经验重点，将为制定针对女性和男性罪犯的预防和治疗方案作出独特贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R01 grant application requests 5 years of funding to extend the observation period of a cohort of first-time driving while impaired (DWI) offenders to 15 years. Subjects were first observed at the time of court-mandated referral for substance abuse evaluation to a screening program in Albuquerque, NM for a first DWI offense (1989-1992). A subset of 1,396 offenders was interviewed 5 years later where current and 12-month diagnoses of substance use and other psychiatric disorders were ascertained. A current secondary analysis grant examines the longitudinal database developed for the 5-year follow-up study. For the proposed study we will locate, and conduct structured, in-person interviews with the entire cohort of participants in the 5-year follow-up study. An estimated 71% of subjects can be located, with 5% deceased. A pilot study revealed a high (92%) willingness to participate, yielding an estimated total of 750 subjects (35% non-Hispanic White; 47% Hispanic; 15% American Indian; 3% other races; 56% of subjects are females). Interviews and questionnaires will measure the 15-year progression of alcohol use and other psychiatric disorders; examine attributes of subjects who achieved sobriety with and without the aid of formal and informal treatment; determine long-term rates of driving outcomes, including violations, crashes, and DWI arrests; and evaluate two alternative theoretical models (i.e., the Social-Control, and the Cognitive-Behavioral models) in predicting long-term, drinking/driving and traffic outcomes. Finally, through conduct of a qualitative study with a subset of offenders, we will assess subjects' self-report information and variability in long-term maintenance of sobriety and relapse. Prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse/dependence, and mental health diagnoses will be ascertained through well specified diagnostic criteria. Rates will be compared between genders and between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White subjects. Driving outcomes will be ascertained by self-report and using computer-based archival record data for those who still reside in New Mexico (estimated to be about 88% of subjects). Driving after drinking is the largest single cause of alcohol-related deaths in the U.S., and over one third of drivers in alcohol-related crashes have previous drunk-driving arrests. Yet few studies have examined long-term outcomes of convicted drunk drivers. Longer-term follow-up in this DWI sample, already described in rich detail, could add much to the body of knowledge regarding drunk drivers. The ability to collect long-term follow-up data coupled with theory development and an integrated empirical focus will provide a unique contribution to the development of prevention and treatment programs for both female and male offenders.