Psychosocial Stress Exposure: Real-Time and Structured Interview Technologies

描述（由申请人提供）：越来越多的证据表明，社会心理压力可能会缓和遗传因素对健康和行为结果的影响。这一领域的进一步进展是基于标准化的、心理测量学上可靠的工具的发展，用于量化暴露于社会心理压力。在过去的几年里，我们的研究团队开创了几种最先进的心理社会压力评估策略，包括一种新的结构化回顾性访谈方法，旨在量化人类慢性压力源的历史暴露，以及一种实时生态瞬间评估（EMA）方法，旨在捕捉当前心理和生理上的心理压力标记，因为它们出现在日常生活过程中。基于我们正在进行的经验和专业知识，当前项目的目标是将这两种评估方法中的每一种转化为标准化的现场可部署技术，可以跨多个站点和人群使用。目前的项目是围绕一系列渐进的研究来组织的，旨在帮助我们达到以下里程碑：A)开发有效的电子数据收集设备，用于管理、记录和评分与这两种新评估方法相关的自我报告评估；b)以提高相关措施的效度、可靠性和项目辨别能力的方式，完善与这两种数据收集设备相关的项目内容；C)检查所得仪器在总体代表性样本中的可靠性，并确定最佳测试条件；d)记录与这些方法相关的培训和测试程序，并检查开发用于大规模研究项目的相关生产质量>设备的可行性。目前的提案是对RFA关于“用于健康和疾病研究的量化社会心理压力和成瘾物质暴露的实地可部署工具（U01） （RFA- da -07-005）”的回应。第一类提交。相关性：在存在基因-环境相互作用的情况下，环境暴露（包括心理社会压力暴露）的可靠测量对于量化遗传差异对健康结果的影响至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Accumulating evidence is consistent with the possibility that psychosocial stress may moderate the effects of genetic factors on health and behavioral outcomes. Further advances in this area are predicated on the development of standardized, psychometrically sound instruments for quantifying exposures to psychosocial stress. Over the past several years, our research team has pioneered several state-of-the-art strategies for the assessment of psychosocial stress, including a new structured retrospective interview approach designed to quantify historical exposure to chronic stressors in human populations, and a real-time ecological momentary assessment (EMA) method designed to capture current psychological and physiological markers of mental stress as they emerge over the course of daily living. Building upon our ongoing experience and expertise, the goal of the current project is to translate each of these two assessment approaches into standardized field-deployable technologies that can be employed across multiple sites and populations. The current project is organized around a series of incremental studies that are designed to help us meet the following milestones: a) to develop efficient electronic data collection devices for administering, recording, and scoring self-report assessments relevant to each of these two novel assessment approaches, b) to refine the item content associated with each of these two data collection devices in a manner that will enhance validity, reliability, and item discrimination of the associated measures, c) to examine the reliability of the resulting instruments in a population representative sample and to determine optimal conditions of testing, and d) to document training and testing procedures associated with these methods, and to examine the feasibility of a pursuing the development of relevant production quality > devices for use in large scale research projects. The current proposal is a response to the RFA on "Field- deployable Tools for Quantifying Exposures to Psychosocial Stress and to Addictive Substances for Studies : of Health and Disease (U01) (RFA-DA-07-005)." Category 1 submission. RELEVANCE: In the presence of gene-environment interactions, reliable measures of environmental exposure, including exposure to psychosocial stress, are critical for quantifying the effects of genetic differences on health outcomes.