Drug/Cue Interactions in Alcohol-Tobacco Comorbidity

描述（由申请人提供）：广泛的研究证明了酒精和烟草使用之间的强烈联系。人们援引了各种机制来解释酒精和尼古丁的双重成瘾，以及在一定消费水平上酒精和烟草摄入量之间的强烈关联。其中，行为模型断言联想学习是频繁同时使用这两种药物的结果。使用这些模型作为概念框架，我们实验室的初步工作已经证明，酒精线索和吸烟线索在酗酒者中引起强烈的饮酒欲望和吸烟欲望（即“交叉线索反应”）。在酗酒不吸烟者和不酗酒吸烟者中也观察到类似的模式，尽管程度较轻。在这一竞争性继续应用中提出的工作通过检查酒精/尼古丁摄入和显著物质线索对广泛的主观、生理和行为反应的单独和联合影响，扩展了这一研究路线。研究1主要采用受试者内部设计特征和已建立的安慰剂对照药物给药方法，研究受试者在酒精和/或尼古丁存在的情况下，对图像酒精、吸烟和中性提示的渴望和生理反应。研究2将进一步研究酒精和尼古丁药物/线索操纵对酒精自我给药的影响。这两项研究都将检查广泛的酒精和烟草使用模式的受试者，统计模型将评估酒精和烟草摄入量的个体差异对药理学和线索效应的影响程度。总的来说，拟议的研究将为酒精、尼古丁和相关线索对酒精和吸烟线索反应的多维方面的单独和联合影响提供有价值的基础数据。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Extensive research has documented strong associations between alcohol and tobacco use. Various mechanisms have been invoked to explain a dual addiction to alcohol and nicotine, as well as the strong association between alcohol and tobacco intake across a range of consumption levels. Among them, behavioral models assert that associative learning occurs as a consequence of the frequent contemporaneous use of these two drugs. Using these models as a conceptual framework, preliminary work in our laboratory has demonstrated that alcohol cues and smoking cues elicit both strong cravings to drink alcohol and cravings to smoke (i.e., "cross-cue reactivity") in alcoholic smokers. Similar patterns, albeit to a lesser extent, were observed in alcoholic nonsmokers and non-alcoholic smokers. The work proposed in this competitive continuation application extends this line of research by examining the separate and combined influence of alcohol/nicotine intake and salient substance cues on a broad range of subjective, physiological, and behavioral reactions. Using primarily within-subjects design features and established placebo control drug administration methods, Study 1 will investigate cravings and physiological reactivity to pictorial alcohol, smoking, and neutral cues in the presence of alcohol and/or nicotine. Study 2 will further examine the influence of alcohol and nicotine drug/cue manipulations on alcohol self administration. Both studies will examine subjects across a broad range of alcohol and tobacco use patterns, and statistical models will evaluate the extent to which pharmacological and cue based effects are influenced by individual differences in alcohol and tobacco intake. Overall, the proposed research will provide valuable basic data regarding the separate and combined influences of alcohol, nicotine, and relevant cues on multidimensional aspects of alcohol and smoking cue reactivity.