Preventing Adverse Reactions in Novice Blood Donors

严重的和潜在危险的血液供应短缺是常见的。这个问题是意料之中的 随着人口老龄化(需求增加)和越来越严格的限制，情况会恶化 关于献血者资格(减少供应)。这是努力满足日益增长的 对血液的需求是正在招募新的献血者。理想情况下，新员工将成为终身员工。 献血者，每年最多捐献六次，一生中献血数百个单位。不幸的是，更少 超过一半的新手捐赠者将提供第二次捐赠。因为血管迷走神经的体验 反应(如头晕、虚弱、头晕)是新手消耗的最强预测因子之一 对于捐赠者来说，防止这种反应可能是一种特别有效和持久的方法，可以加强 国家的血液供应。 我们的长期目标是为采血机构提供简单而廉价的策略 这可以用来防止血管迷走神经反应和增强供者留存。该计划的具体目标是 目前的建议是评估两种特别有希望的血管迷走神经预防的联合效果 策略--水负荷和施加肌肉张力。我们将比较血管迷走神经对血液的反应 400名首次捐赠者的捐献和重复捐献行为 捐献时的水负荷和肌肉张力)或安慰剂治疗(捐献前的肌肉 张拉)。参与者将在美国红十字会固定和流动献血中心接受招募和测试 在农村和城市举办的诊所。血管迷走神经反应将使用现场供体和 24小时后获得采血者评分和捐献者评分。利用美国红十字会 在国家捐助者数据库的基础上，将在两年的后续期间跟踪随后的捐赠历史。我们 假设积极治疗组的参与者将经历较少的不良反应，并将 与安慰剂组的参与者相比，更有可能回来提供新的捐赠。 这项拟议的研究测试了志愿者献血者可以用来预防阴性反应的简单策略。 晕倒等反应经常会阻碍捐赠者返回。我们工作的长期目标是 是通过增加捐赠者的积极性和承诺来解决经常性的血液供应短缺问题 终身奉献。由于我们直接与美国红十字会合作，我们的调查结果可以很快 转化为实践。

Severe and potentially dangerous shortages in the blood supply are common. This problem is expected to worsen as the population ages (increasing demand) and more and more stringent restrictions are placed on blood donor eligibility (decreasing supply). A crucial component of the effort to meet the increasing demand for blood is the ongoing recruitment of new donors. Ideally, new recruits would become lifelong donors, contributing up to six times per year and hundreds of units of blood in a lifetime. Unfortunately, less than half of all novice donors will ever provide a second donation. Because the experience of vasovagal reactions (e.g., dizziness, weakness, lightheadedness) is one of the strongest predictors of attrition in novice donors, prevention of such reactions may be a particularly efficient and enduring method of enhancing the nation's blood supply. Our long-term objective is to provide blood collection agencies with simple and inexpensive strategies that can be used to prevent vasovagal reactions and enhance donor retention. The specific aim of the current proposal is to evaluate the combined effects of two particularly promising vasovagal prevention strategies - water loading and applied muscle tension. We will compare vasovagal reactions to blood donation and repeat donation behavior in 400 first-time donors assigned to either active treatment (pre- donation water loading and muscle tensing during donation) or placebo treatment (pre-donation muscle tensing). Participants will be recruited and tested at American Red Cross fixed and mobile blood donation clinics held in rural and urban settings. Vasovagal reactions will be measured using on-site donor and phlebotomist ratings as well as donor ratings obtained 24 hours later. Using the American Red Cross national donor database, subsequent donation history will be tracked during a two-year follow-up period. We hypothesize that participants in the active treatment group will experience less adverse reactions and will be more likely to return to provide a new donation as compared to participants in the placebo group. The proposed study tests simple strategies that volunteer blood donors can use to prevent negative reactions, such as fainting, that frequently discourage donors from returning. The long term goal of our work is to address recurrent shortages in the blood supply by increasing donor motivation and commitment to lifelong giving. Because we are working directly with the American Red Cross, our findings can be quickly translated into practice.