INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION ON TIME-COURSE OF DIET ADAPTATION

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 美国肥胖人口的数量已经成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。目前，三分之二的美国成年女性超重，其中大约一半是肥胖者。这种超重增加了慢性疾病过早死亡的风险，如心血管疾病、中风、糖尿病、骨关节炎和某些癌症。导致肥胖的两个原因是久坐不动的生活方式和高脂肪饮食。久坐的生活方式会减少每天的能量消耗，并在受试者食用高脂肪饮食的一段时间内缓慢增加脂肪氧化。然而，我们认为，这取决于饮食脂肪的类型。高单不饱和脂肪的饮食(橄榄油中发现的那种)应该比高饱和脂肪的饮食(肉类和乳制品中发现的那种)导致更大的脂肪氧化。 健康和超重的男性和女性受试者将分别在四个不同的场合进行为期六天的研究。每种情况下的饮食脂肪和运动治疗的类型都不同。它们是：(1)高饱和脂肪饮食，能量消耗是静息代谢率的1.4倍；(2)高饱和脂肪饮食，约1小时中等强度骑自行车，能量消耗增加到1.8倍静息代谢率；(3)高不饱和脂肪饮食，能量消耗是静息代谢率的1.4倍；(4)高不饱和脂肪饮食，中等强度自行车运动1小时，能量消耗增加到1.8倍静息代谢率。我们将在方案的第1、2、3和5天使用全室间接量热法和尿氮分析来测量24小时的常量营养素氧化，并在方案的第4天测量血液中的食欲激素、饱腹感和适口性。我们预计，与高饱和脂肪饮食相比，高脂肪饮食中脂肪氧化的增加会更多，运动比休息更多。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The number of obese people in the U.S. has become a serious public health problem. Currently, two-thirds of adult American women are overweight and roughly half of these are obese. This excess weight increases the risk of early death from chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Two of the causes of obesity are a sedentary lifestyle and a high-fat diet. A sedentary lifestyle leads to reduced daily energy expenditure and a slow increase in fat oxidation during a period of days when the subject is eating a high-fat diet. We think, however, this varies depending on the type of dietary fat. Diets high in monounsaturated fat, the type found in olive oil, should result in greater fat oxidation than diets high in saturated fat, the type found in meats and dairy. Healthy and overweight male and female subjects will be studied for six days each on four different occasions. Each occasion will differ in the type of dietary fat and exercise treatment. These are: (1) diet high in saturated fat with energy expenditure of 1.4 times resting metabolic rate; (2) diet high in saturated fat with about 1 hour of moderate intensity bike riding to increase energy expenditure to 1.8 times resting metabolic rate; (3) diet high in monounsaturated fat with energy expenditure of 1.4 times resting metabolic rate; (4) diet high in monounsaturated fat with 1 hour of moderate bicycle exercise to increase energy expenditure to 1.8 times resting metabolic rate. We will measure 24h macronutrient oxidation using whole room indirect calorimetry and urinary nitrogen analysis on days 1,2,3 and 5 of the protocol, and will measure blood appetite hormones, satiety, and palatibility on day 4 of the protocol. We expect that the increase in fat oxidation on the high fat diet will be greater with a high monounsaturated fat diet compared to a high saturated fat diet, and greater with exercise compared to rest .