Neural Bases of Effectiveness of Individually-Tailored Smoking Cessation Messages

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然量身定制的戒烟干预措施通常显示出积极的结果，但人们对这些干预措施的反应机制却知之甚少。我们建议进行一系列研究，检查与戒烟信息相关的神经基质，这些信息是根据吸烟者的需求和兴趣量身定制的。该项目将认知神经科学和公共卫生传播方法独特地结合起来，调查吸烟者对量身定制的戒烟信息的反应。我们在一项初步的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究中证明，接受高定制戒烟信息（与低定制戒烟信息相比）的吸烟者显示出更大的内侧前额叶皮层（MPFC）激活，这与MPFC在处理自我相关材料中的作用一致。为了进一步研究对特定戒烟信息做出反应的神经基质，以及这些发现与随后实际戒烟的重要关系，我们提出了两项研究，每一项研究分为两个阶段。研究1a（第一阶段）调查了自我相关性在戒烟定向信息传递中的作用。我们将检查每个受试者在暴露于高度自我相关、高度定制的戒烟信息时，与低定制的自我相关信息和控制自我相关任务相比，MPFC的相对激活情况。88名吸烟者将在fMRI期间收到高定制和低定制的自我相关戒烟信息，并完成一项测试自我相关的控制任务（Phan et al., 2004）。该研究结果将告知MPFC对高度定制的自我相关戒烟信息的更大激活是否与更大的自我参照处理有关。在研究1b（第2期）中，我们将在fMRI扫描（研究1a）之后立即对每位研究1a参与者实施先前测试过的基于网络的定制戒烟计划。受试者将在四个月后接受随访，并评估实际戒烟情况。研究1b将探索由自我相关的吸烟信息激活的特定大脑区域与随后的戒烟之间的关联。研究2调查了两种不同类型的戒烟信息：动机信息（为什么戒烟）和指导性信息（如何戒烟）在戒烟目标信息中的作用。在研究2a（阶段1）中，另外88名吸烟者将在fMRI期间接收高度定制的激励信息、高度定制的指导信息和中性信息。在研究2b（第二阶段）中，研究2a的参与者将在fMRI扫描后立即接受基于网络的定制戒烟计划，然后在四个月后进行随访以确定实际戒烟情况。研究2b将探索特定大脑区域在响应量身定制的动机和指导性戒烟信息与随后的戒烟之间的关系。这些研究的结果将开始确定最佳信息剪裁的具体途径，以对戒烟产生最大的影响。尼古丁成瘾是一个重要的公共健康问题。该项目结合了公共卫生、心理学和神经科学研究方法，了解吸烟者对个性化戒烟信息的反应，以努力改善戒烟计划。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While tailored smoking cessation interventions have generally demonstrated positive outcomes, the mechanisms by which people respond to these interventions are less well understood. We are proposing a series of studies that examines the neural substrates associated with smoking cessation messages individually tailored to smokers' needs and interests. The proposed project uniquely combines cognitive neuroscience and public health communications methods to investigate how smokers respond to tailored smoking cessation messages. We have demonstrated in a preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that smokers receiving high-tailored smoking cessation messages (compared to low-tailored cessation messages) showed greater medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activation, consistent with the role of MPFC in processing self-relevant material. To further investigate the neural substrates that respond to specific tailored smoking cessation messages and importantly the relationship of these findings to subsequent actual smoking cessation, we propose two studies, each with two phases. Study 1a (Phase I) investigates the role of self-relevance in targeted messaging for smoking cessation. We will examine the relative activation of the MPFC in each subject during exposure to highly self-relevant, high-tailored smoking cessation messages in contrast to low-tailored self-relevant messages and a control self-relevance task. 88 cigarette smokers will receive high-tailored and low-tailored self-relevant smoking cessation messages during fMRI, and will also complete a control task testing self-relevance (Phan et al., 2004). The findings will inform whether greater MPFC activation to high- tailored self-relevant smoking cessation messages is associated with greater self-referential processing. In Study 1b (Phase 2), we will administer to each Study 1a participant a previously tested web-based tailored smoking cessation program immediately following the fMRI scanning (Study 1a) session. Subjects will be followed up in four months and assessed on actual smoking abstinence. Study 1b will explore associations between specific brain region activations from self-relevant smoking messages and subsequent cessation. Study 2 investigates the role of two different types of smoking cessation messages: motivational messages (why to quit) and instructional messages (how to quit) in targeted messaging for smoking cessation. In Study 2a (Phase1), another 88 cigarette smokers will receive high-tailored motivational messages, high-tailored instructional messages, and neutral messages during fMRI. In Study 2b (Phase 2), Study 2a participants will receive the web-based tailored smoking cessation program immediately after the fMRI scanning session and then be followed up in four months to determine actual smoking abstinence. Study 2b will explore the relationship between specific brain region activations in response to tailored motivational and instructional cessation messages and subsequent cessation. The results of these studies will begin to identify specific pathways for optimal message tailoring to make the largest impact on smoking cessation. Nicotine addiction is an important public health concern. The project combines public health, psychology, and neuroscience research methods to understand how smokers respond to individualized smoking cessation messages in an effort to improve smoking cessation programs.