Drug/Cue Interactions in Alcohol-Tobacco Comorbidity

广泛的研究已经证明了酒精和烟草使用之间的强烈联系。 不同的机制也被用来解释酒精和尼古丁的双重上瘾 因为在一系列消费中，酒精和烟草摄入量之间存在着强烈的联系 级别。其中，行为模型断言联想学习是作为结果发生的 这两种药物同时频繁使用的原因。使用这些模型作为概念性 框架，我们实验室的初步工作已经证明，酒精暗示和吸烟 线索会引起强烈的饮酒欲望和吸烟欲望(即“交叉线索反应”)。 在酗酒吸烟者身上。类似的模式，尽管程度较小，也在非酒精性疾病中观察到 吸烟者和非酒精吸烟者。在这一竞争性续集中提出的工作 应用程序通过检验以下因素的单独和联合影响扩展了这一研究范围 酒精/尼古丁摄入量和显著物质提示广泛的主观，生理， 和行为反应。 主要使用受试者内设计特征和已建立的安慰剂对照药物 给药方法，研究1将调查对图片的渴望和生理反应 在酒精和/或尼古丁存在的情况下，酒精、吸烟和中性暗示。研究2将进一步 检测酒精和尼古丁药物/线索操作对酒精自身的影响 行政管理。这两项研究都将检查范围广泛的酒精和烟草的受试者 使用模式和统计模型将评估药理和线索的程度- 基础效应受到酒精和烟草摄入量的个体差异的影响。总体而言， 拟议的研究将提供关于分离和合并的有价值的基本数据 酒精、尼古丁和相关线索对酒精和烟草多维特征的影响 吸烟提示了反应性。

Extensive research has documented strong associations between alcohol and tobacco use. Various mechanisms have been invoked to explain a dual addiction to alcohol and nicotine, as well as the strong association between alcohol and tobacco intake across a range of consumption levels. Among them, behavioral models assert that associative learning occurs as a consequence of the frequent contemporaneous use of these two drugs. Using these models as a conceptual framework, preliminary work in our laboratory has demonstrated that alcohol cues and smoking cues elicit both strong cravings to drink alcohol and cravings to smoke (i.e., "cross-cue reactivity") in alcoholic smokers. Similar patterns, albeit to a lesser extent, were observed in alcoholic non- smokers and non-alcoholic smokers. The work proposed in this competitive continuation application extends this line of research by examining the separate and combined influence of alcohol/nicotine intake and salient substance cues on a broad range of subjective, physiological, and behavioral reactions. Using primarily within-subjects design features and established placebo control drug administration methods, Study 1 will investigate cravings and physiological reactivity to pictorial alcohol, smoking, and neutral cues in the presence of alcohol and/or nicotine. Study 2 will further examine the influence of alcohol and nicotine drug/cue manipulations on alcohol self- administration. Both studies will examine subjects across a broad range of alcohol and tobacco use patterns, and statistical models will evaluate the extent to which pharmacological and cue- based effects are influenced by individual differences in alcohol and tobacco intake. Overall, the proposed research will provide valuable basic data regarding the separate and combined influences of alcohol, nicotine, and relevant cues on multidimensional aspects of alcohol and smoking cue reactivity.